Optical constants

Refractive index of W (Tungsten)

Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.01759–2.48 µm
Points: 150
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.1191
Extinction coefficient k: 5.83941

Permittivity ε₁: -32.8464
Permittivity ε₂: 13.0698

Absorption coefficient α: 1.24881e+06 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 16.0152 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -5.75784 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 4.50241
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# W (Tungsten): Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm
w = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "W", "Werner", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(w.range_nm)  # (17.586, 2479.68) nm
eps = w.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_5ccf1f929ff7/lightsmith"
w = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(w.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (w/werner-2009).

# ... load w as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=w)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Experimental data: Derived from reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra.

References

W. S. M. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals. J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009)

doi:10.1063/1.3243762 Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (2009)

Cite

Wolfgang S. M. Werner, Kathrin Glantschnig and Claudia Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 38, 1013-1092 (2009), doi:10.1063/1.3243762; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

150 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

W (Tungsten), Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.017586	0.8888	0.0703
0.017712	0.8872	0.071
0.017839	0.8855	0.0717
0.017969	0.8839	0.0724
0.0181	0.8817	0.0732
0.018233	0.8795	0.0739
0.018368	0.8773	0.0747
0.018505	0.875	0.0754
0.018644	0.8728	0.0762
0.018785	0.87	0.077
0.018929	0.8672	0.0778
0.019074	0.8645	0.0792
0.019222	0.8616	0.0801
0.019373	0.8583	0.0816
0.019525	0.8549	0.083
0.01968	0.851	0.0846
0.019837	0.8476	0.0861
0.019997	0.8431	0.0884
0.02016	0.8392	0.0906
0.020325	0.8346	0.0929
0.020493	0.8302	0.0958
0.020664	0.8251	0.0988
0.020838	0.82	0.1018
0.021014	0.8144	0.1062
0.021194	0.8089	0.1107
0.021377	0.8027	0.1152
0.021562	0.7967	0.1211
0.021752	0.7902	0.1278
0.021944	0.7838	0.1352
0.02214	0.7777	0.144
0.022339	0.7711	0.1537
0.022543	0.7649	0.1647
0.022749	0.7593	0.1778
0.02296	0.7549	0.1921
0.023175	0.7519	0.2081
0.023393	0.7504	0.2259
0.023616	0.7518	0.2454
0.023843	0.7559	0.2653
0.024075	0.7641	0.286
0.024311	0.7768	0.3057
0.024551	0.7936	0.3238
0.024797	0.8143	0.3377
0.025047	0.8382	0.3472
0.025303	0.863	0.3505
0.025564	0.8876	0.3476
0.02583	0.9093	0.3387
0.026102	0.9269	0.3258
0.02638	0.939	0.3094
0.026663	0.9456	0.2919
0.026953	0.9466	0.2741
0.027249	0.9426	0.2578
0.027552	0.9341	0.2441
0.027862	0.9216	0.2333
0.028178	0.905	0.226
0.028502	0.8849	0.2238
0.028834	0.8606	0.2272
0.029173	0.8308	0.2413
0.02952	0.7974	0.2753
0.029876	0.7825	0.3553
0.03024	0.8851	0.4067
0.030613	0.8906	0.3481
0.030996	0.8626	0.3756
0.031388	0.8786	0.4348
0.031791	0.946	0.4826
0.032204	1.0426	0.4796
0.032627	1.12	0.4201
0.033062	1.1497	0.3388
0.033509	1.1425	0.2687
0.033968	1.1187	0.2181
0.03444	1.0893	0.1831
0.034925	1.0595	0.1595
0.035424	1.0308	0.1431
0.035937	1.0042	0.1319
0.036466	0.9785	0.1247
0.03701	0.9541	0.12
0.037571	0.9309	0.1166
0.038149	0.908	0.1156
0.038745	0.8851	0.1158
0.03936	0.8624	0.1171
0.039995	0.8392	0.1197
0.040651	0.8156	0.1232
0.041328	0.7915	0.1282
0.042029	0.7668	0.1343
0.042753	0.7411	0.1424
0.043503	0.7135	0.1521
0.04428	0.6847	0.1636
0.045085	0.6549	0.1786
0.04592	0.6224	0.196
0.046786	0.5888	0.2183
0.047686	0.5543	0.2454
0.048621	0.5188	0.2795
0.049594	0.4835	0.3206
0.050606	0.4514	0.3711
0.05166	0.4237	0.4342
0.052759	0.4085	0.5166
0.053906	0.469	0.6205
0.055104	0.4956	0.5519
0.056356	0.4407	0.6002
0.057667	0.4274	0.6668
0.05904	0.4292	0.7316
0.06048	0.4404	0.7937
0.061992	0.4583	0.8532
0.063582	0.4818	0.91
0.065255	0.5114	0.9631
0.067018	0.545	1.011
0.06888	0.5821	1.053
0.070848	0.6207	1.0883
0.072932	0.6572	1.1162
0.075142	0.6886	1.1385
0.07749	0.7131	1.1583
0.07999	0.7289	1.1799
0.082656	0.7387	1.2082
0.085506	0.7458	1.2463
0.08856	0.7562	1.2946
0.09184	0.7754	1.351
0.095372	0.8063	1.4107
0.099187	0.8504	1.467
0.10332	0.9046	1.5117
0.107812	0.9614	1.5389
0.112713	1.0076	1.5457
0.11808	1.0289	1.539
0.123984	1.0131	1.5354
0.13051	0.9608	1.5586
0.13776	0.8875	1.6315
0.145864	0.823	1.7636
0.15498	0.8007	1.942
0.165312	0.8355	2.1227
0.17712	0.8786	2.2554
0.190745	0.8254	2.4032
0.20664	0.7426	2.7449
0.225426	0.9161	3.3025
0.247968	1.6094	3.3279
0.261019	1.4049	3.077
0.27552	1.079	3.3609
0.291728	1.1181	3.9383
0.30996	1.8008	4.3314
0.330625	2.0193	3.578
0.354241	1.327	3.806
0.38149	1.2611	4.516
0.413281	1.6556	5.1025
0.450852	2.2457	5.1471
0.495937	2.0777	4.782
0.551041	1.3296	5.2379
0.619921	0.933	6.3712
0.708481	0.8969	7.8089
0.826561	1.1957	9.6069
0.991874	2.1933	11.8617
1.239842	4.3505	13.142
1.653123	2.4636	14.8056
2.479684	1.2049	24.3542

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

W (Tungsten): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About W (Tungsten)

Tungsten, commonly known by its chemical symbol W (derived from its alternative name, wolfram), is a hard, dense metal with a bright silver-gray luster. Known for its high melting point, which is the highest of all the elements at 3,422°C (6,192°F), tungsten is often used in applications that require materials that can withstand extreme temperatures. Historically, it's been a crucial component in the filaments of incandescent light bulbs. Moreover, tungsten and its alloys are utilized in many high-temperature structural materials, particularly in aerospace and electronic industries due to their remarkable strength at elevated temperatures. Tungsten is also used in the production of wear-resistant electrical contacts and as the primary component in certain types of heavy metal alloys. In the realm of optics and photonics, tungsten is often used as a target for X-ray generation.

More about W (Tungsten) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/W/nk/Werner.yml
ID: ds_5ccf1f929ff7
API: /v1/datasets/ds_5ccf1f929ff7

Plot