Optical constants

Refractive index of W (Tungsten)

Weaver et al. 1975: n,k 0.0443–4.11 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.04429–4.11 µm
Points: 383
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 3.54246
Extinction coefficient k: 2.82905

Permittivity ε₁: 4.54553
Permittivity ε₂: 20.0436

Absorption coefficient α: 605018 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 33.0569 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: 1.20155 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.83643
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# W (Tungsten): Weaver et al. 1975: n,k 0.0443–4.11 µm
w = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "W", "Weaver", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(w.range_nm)  # (44.29, 4110) nm
eps = w.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_a3c8ee2237d7/lightsmith"
w = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(w.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (w/weaver-1975).

# ... load w as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=w)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

References

J. H. Weaver, C. G. Olson, D. W. Lynch. Optical properties of crystalline tungsten. Phys. Rev. B 12, 1293-1297 (1975) (Data points extracted from a figure)

doi:10.1103/physrevb.12.1293 Optical properties of crystalline tungsten, Physical Review B (1975)

Cite

J. H. Weaver, C. G. Olson and D. W. Lynch. Optical properties of crystalline tungsten. Physical Review B, 12, 1293-1297 (1975), doi:10.1103/physrevb.12.1293; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

384 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

W (Tungsten), Weaver et al. 1975: n,k 0.0443–4.11 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.04429	0.6598	0.3148
0.04454	0.6566	0.3163
0.04475	0.6519	0.3201
0.04503	0.6457	0.3295
0.04509	0.6446	0.3319
0.04535	0.6401	0.3434
0.04551	0.638	0.3496
0.04577	0.6358	0.3601
0.04595	0.6341	0.3682
0.04616	0.629	0.3753
0.04646	0.6166	0.3827
0.04681	0.5993	0.3923
0.04689	0.5961	0.3942
0.04737	0.5804	0.4053
0.04796	0.5597	0.4214
0.04806	0.5564	0.4241
0.049	0.5226	0.4523
0.04916	0.5169	0.4582
0.04973	0.5009	0.485
0.04988	0.4973	0.4919
0.05033	0.4872	0.5153
0.05071	0.4851	0.5397
0.05084	0.4833	0.5468
0.05152	0.4685	0.5766
0.05153	0.4684	0.577
0.05196	0.4743	0.6021
0.05249	0.4781	0.6269
0.0526	0.4792	0.6324
0.05318	0.4853	0.6596
0.05356	0.4867	0.6753
0.05375	0.4859	0.6817
0.0544	0.4834	0.7042
0.05443	0.4836	0.7056
0.05499	0.491	0.7305
0.05539	0.4923	0.7467
0.05574	0.4926	0.7611
0.05633	0.4945	0.7879
0.05637	0.4942	0.7894
0.05702	0.4857	0.8116
0.05745	0.4866	0.8298
0.05775	0.4901	0.8437
0.05873	0.5027	0.8877
0.05891	0.5048	0.8956
0.05975	0.5143	0.9312
0.06012	0.5188	0.9461
0.0611	0.5377	0.9864
0.06111	0.5379	0.9867
0.06214	0.5668	1.029
0.06253	0.5767	1.045
0.06346	0.5979	1.082
0.06379	0.6067	1.094
0.06417	0.6191	1.107
0.06492	0.6458	1.132
0.06515	0.6535	1.139
0.06583	0.6767	1.156
0.06649	0.6999	1.17
0.06662	0.7047	1.173
0.06724	0.7299	1.183
0.06791	0.7568	1.193
0.06803	0.7613	1.194
0.06883	0.7891	1.2
0.0697	0.8183	1.204
0.06983	0.8227	1.205
0.0707	0.8538	1.209
0.07089	0.8598	1.209
0.07228	0.9	1.203
0.07239	0.9029	1.203
0.07344	0.9308	1.196
0.07359	0.9347	1.195
0.07421	0.948	1.192
0.07494	0.9608	1.185
0.07495	0.9611	1.185
0.07572	0.9722	1.173
0.07587	0.9738	1.171
0.0765	0.9783	1.161
0.07683	0.9804	1.156
0.07755	0.9838	1.145
0.07755	0.9838	1.145
0.07821	0.9825	1.137
0.07892	0.9762	1.132
0.07916	0.9734	1.131
0.07962	0.9675	1.129
0.08026	0.9577	1.127
0.0805	0.9535	1.126
0.08099	0.9443	1.125
0.08145	0.9358	1.125
0.08186	0.9294	1.128
0.08239	0.9221	1.135
0.08295	0.9145	1.145
0.08357	0.9061	1.157
0.08409	0.9007	1.169
0.08484	0.8971	1.19
0.0852	0.8961	1.2
0.0864	0.8945	1.235
0.08653	0.8948	1.238
0.08809	0.9038	1.279
0.08812	0.9041	1.28
0.08973	0.9191	1.319
0.09012	0.9238	1.328
0.09131	0.9391	1.354
0.09259	0.9568	1.379
0.09322	0.9668	1.389
0.09375	0.9759	1.397
0.09489	0.9958	1.413
0.09533	1.003	1.419
0.09588	1.013	1.425
0.09722	1.037	1.438
0.09832	1.057	1.445
0.09861	1.063	1.447
0.09987	1.089	1.455
0.1	1.091	1.455
0.1014	1.119	1.461
0.103	1.151	1.466
0.1032	1.156	1.466
0.105	1.192	1.467
0.1053	1.198	1.468
0.1067	1.223	1.468
0.1068	1.225	1.468
0.1082	1.245	1.463
0.1085	1.249	1.461
0.1093	1.257	1.454
0.1104	1.267	1.443
0.1106	1.269	1.441
0.1121	1.277	1.425
0.1127	1.279	1.418
0.1141	1.284	1.4
0.1148	1.285	1.391
0.116	1.283	1.376
0.1162	1.283	1.374
0.1173	1.278	1.361
0.1178	1.274	1.356
0.1184	1.268	1.351
0.1195	1.253	1.345
0.1198	1.248	1.344
0.1206	1.233	1.343
0.1215	1.214	1.345
0.1217	1.209	1.346
0.1231	1.175	1.35
0.1232	1.173	1.351
0.1248	1.132	1.365
0.1251	1.124	1.37
0.126	1.104	1.383
0.1271	1.081	1.405
0.1272	1.078	1.407
0.1286	1.056	1.434
0.1294	1.048	1.45
0.1298	1.044	1.458
0.1309	1.036	1.483
0.1322	1.03	1.51
0.1325	1.029	1.517
0.1336	1.023	1.54
0.1343	1.02	1.555
0.1355	1.016	1.578
0.1359	1.015	1.584
0.137	1.015	1.597
0.1383	1.014	1.613
0.1389	1.012	1.621
0.1403	1.008	1.638
0.1409	1.006	1.646
0.1423	0.9972	1.668
0.1428	0.9938	1.677
0.1444	0.9812	1.706
0.1449	0.9758	1.717
0.1464	0.9602	1.748
0.1472	0.9511	1.769
0.1486	0.9403	1.801
0.1491	0.9368	1.815
0.1497	0.9336	1.829
0.1498	0.9331	1.831
0.1513	0.9255	1.865
0.1516	0.9564	1.809
0.152	0.9529	1.823
0.1525	0.9499	1.836
0.1526	0.9495	1.838
0.1547	0.9401	1.899
0.1555	0.9366	1.922
0.1557	0.9358	1.928
0.1578	0.9257	2.0
0.1579	0.9253	2.003
0.1598	0.9192	2.068
0.1613	0.9193	2.116
0.1619	0.9209	2.133
0.1642	0.9324	2.198
0.1643	0.9331	2.202
0.1652	0.9378	2.229
0.1666	0.9455	2.268
0.1685	0.9643	2.328
0.1687	0.9655	2.333
0.1695	0.9699	2.356
0.1711	0.9764	2.402
0.1738	1.018	2.483
0.174	1.02	2.487
0.1775	1.065	2.575
0.1796	1.087	2.63
0.1826	1.118	2.715
0.1867	1.196	2.845
0.187	1.201	2.852
0.1912	1.284	2.968
0.1921	1.306	2.995
0.1946	1.368	3.074
0.1963	1.4	3.127
0.1985	1.44	3.191
0.2005	1.491	3.254
0.2022	1.543	3.306
0.2044	1.618	3.375
0.2053	1.648	3.404
0.2067	1.691	3.443
0.2087	1.759	3.486
0.2093	1.781	3.497
0.2115	1.878	3.545
0.2125	1.92	3.564
0.2145	2.005	3.595
0.215	2.031	3.603
0.2173	2.149	3.635
0.2178	2.178	3.643
0.219	2.255	3.666
0.22	2.335	3.69
0.2208	2.393	3.702
0.2223	2.483	3.698
0.2227	2.507	3.692
0.2249	2.625	3.647
0.2254	2.652	3.636
0.2273	2.773	3.592
0.2281	2.822	3.579
0.23	2.925	3.544
0.2304	2.945	3.533
0.233	3.063	3.454
0.2331	3.067	3.451
0.2361	3.164	3.363
0.237	3.191	3.335
0.2387	3.254	3.264
0.2392	3.272	3.24
0.2415	3.322	3.148
0.2427	3.336	3.099
0.2446	3.346	3.025
0.2456	3.348	2.985
0.2475	3.352	2.91
0.2491	3.349	2.85
0.2508	3.34	2.79
0.2537	3.322	2.704
0.2541	3.32	2.692
0.2584	3.304	2.589
0.2595	3.3	2.564
0.2633	3.28	2.486
0.2647	3.267	2.46
0.2686	3.234	2.409
0.2718	3.21	2.38
0.2779	3.164	2.342
0.278	3.163	2.342
0.2859	3.09	2.316
0.2866	3.084	2.315
0.2911	3.046	2.313
0.2943	3.026	2.321
0.2979	3.009	2.335
0.3025	2.992	2.361
0.3048	2.98	2.381
0.308	2.966	2.41
0.3114	2.962	2.434
0.3175	2.967	2.471
0.3183	2.969	2.476
0.3257	3.003	2.529
0.3307	3.03	2.565
0.3362	3.059	2.606
0.3399	3.085	2.629
0.3442	3.124	2.65
0.3497	3.18	2.673
0.3509	3.193	2.678
0.3575	3.27	2.705
0.3576	3.27	2.705
0.361	3.323	2.714
0.3662	3.373	2.677
0.3688	3.401	2.652
0.372	3.431	2.621
0.3766	3.454	2.579
0.379	3.459	2.556
0.3866	3.458	2.49
0.3912	3.445	2.46
0.393	3.438	2.449
0.4002	3.406	2.415
0.4115	3.379	2.416
0.4118	3.378	2.416
0.4253	3.346	2.439
0.4298	3.336	2.45
0.4426	3.317	2.489
0.4487	3.314	2.511
0.465	3.325	2.574
0.4694	3.332	2.591
0.4921	3.38	2.664
0.4937	3.384	2.668
0.5111	3.433	2.7
0.5298	3.49	2.716
0.5327	3.497	2.719
0.5489	3.522	2.739
0.5705	3.524	2.787
0.5739	3.526	2.794
0.5997	3.557	2.86
0.6024	3.562	2.866
0.626	3.607	2.906
0.6268	3.609	2.907
0.646	3.657	2.925
0.6524	3.68	2.937
0.6572	3.697	2.943
0.6712	3.746	2.937
0.6808	3.797	2.914
0.6849	3.818	2.904
0.7008	3.871	2.879
0.7061	3.884	2.869
0.7173	3.896	2.85
0.7314	3.891	2.828
0.7528	3.862	2.788
0.7549	3.857	2.784
0.7778	3.789	2.737
0.7817	3.772	2.731
0.7938	3.705	2.733
0.7958	3.694	2.735
0.8147	3.596	2.757
0.8327	3.492	2.801
0.848	3.405	2.853
0.8731	3.279	2.954
0.8945	3.192	3.04
0.9235	3.113	3.135
0.9379	3.084	3.18
0.9801	3.007	3.323
1.005	2.966	3.423
1.02	2.949	3.496
1.056	2.944	3.703
1.074	2.946	3.807
1.086	2.952	3.871
1.107	2.991	3.994
1.109	3.005	4.016
1.119	3.04	4.105
1.154	3.047	4.217
1.167	3.057	4.244
1.21	3.116	4.327
1.255	3.147	4.379
1.275	3.153	4.397
1.285	3.155	4.404
1.315	3.155	4.423
1.379	3.133	4.451
1.393	3.127	4.456
1.422	3.111	4.464
1.441	3.107	4.474
1.445	3.098	4.472
1.465	3.057	4.464
1.493	2.977	4.486
1.504	2.92	4.533
1.506	2.887	4.578
1.509	2.878	4.584
1.512	2.864	4.593
1.551	2.702	4.714
1.575	2.598	4.799
1.616	2.429	4.956
1.646	2.309	5.08
1.724	2.042	5.412
1.759	1.93	5.596
1.83	1.736	6.01
1.87	1.656	6.226
1.889	1.628	6.31
2.011	1.495	6.91
2.091	1.341	7.911
2.131	1.327	8.151
2.169	1.328	8.317
2.259	1.353	8.663
2.311	1.363	8.93
2.344	1.366	9.145
2.423	1.366	9.758
2.433	1.358	9.903
2.449	1.34	10.17
2.475	1.305	10.69
2.522	1.231	11.84
2.531	1.207	12.19
2.542	1.213	12.27
2.582	1.261	12.34
2.666	1.489	12.48
2.791	1.742	12.65
2.803	1.75	12.67
2.889	1.792	12.77
2.926	1.807	12.81
3.197	1.875	13.22
3.475	1.845	14.16
3.562	1.646	16.09
3.669	1.496	17.99
3.757	1.428	19.09
4.11	1.273	22.45

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

W (Tungsten): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About W (Tungsten)

Tungsten, commonly known by its chemical symbol W (derived from its alternative name, wolfram), is a hard, dense metal with a bright silver-gray luster. Known for its high melting point, which is the highest of all the elements at 3,422°C (6,192°F), tungsten is often used in applications that require materials that can withstand extreme temperatures. Historically, it's been a crucial component in the filaments of incandescent light bulbs. Moreover, tungsten and its alloys are utilized in many high-temperature structural materials, particularly in aerospace and electronic industries due to their remarkable strength at elevated temperatures. Tungsten is also used in the production of wear-resistant electrical contacts and as the primary component in certain types of heavy metal alloys. In the realm of optics and photonics, tungsten is often used as a target for X-ray generation.

More about W (Tungsten) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/W/nk/Weaver.yml
ID: ds_a3c8ee2237d7
API: /v1/datasets/ds_a3c8ee2237d7

Plot