Optical constants
Refractive index of H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice)
Afsar and Hasted 1977: Heavy water; n,k 250–2000 µm
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 250–2000 µm
- Points
- 8
- Temperature
- 292.65 K
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 2.29814
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0.745336
- Permittivity ε1
- 4.72591
- Permittivity ε2
- 3.42577
- Absorption coefficient α
- 132.478 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 150969 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 0.000450045 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.97995
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.00175367 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice): Afsar and Hasted 1977: Heavy water; n,k 250–2000 µm
h2o_d2o = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "H2O", "Asfar-D2O", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(h2o_d2o.range_nm) # (250000, 2e+06) nm
eps = h2o_d2o.eps([707000]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_fda3ea5e368a/lightsmith"
h2o_d2o = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(h2o_d2o.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (h2o/afsar-hasted-1977-asfar-d2o).
# ... load h2o_d2o as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=h2o_d2o)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=250000, stop_nm=2e+06, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- temperature
- 292.65 K
References
- doi:10.1364/josa.67.000902 Measurements of the optical constants of liquid H_2O and D_2O between 6 and 450 cm^−1, Journal of the Optical Society of America (1977)
Cite
M. N. Afsar and J. B. Hasted. Measurements of the optical constants of liquid H_2O and D_2O between 6 and 450 cm^−1. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 902 (1977), doi:10.1364/josa.67.000902; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
8 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 250.0 | 2.02 | 0.525 |
| 285.7 | 2.05 | 0.553 |
| 333.3 | 2.09 | 0.557 |
| 400.0 | 2.14 | 0.586 |
| 500.0 | 2.19 | 0.633 |
| 666.7 | 2.28 | 0.722 |
| 1000.0 | 2.43 | 0.915 |
| 2000.0 | 3.02 | 1.146 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Heavy water (D2O) at 19.5 °C