Optical constants
Refractive index of H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice)
Afsar and Hasted 1977: Water; n,k 22.22–1733 µm; 19.0 °C
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 22.22–1733 µm
- Points
- 34
- Temperature
- 292 K
- State
- liquid
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 2.0264
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0.466156
- Permittivity ε1
- 3.88898
- Permittivity ε2
- 1.88923
- Absorption coefficient α
- 298.872 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 66918.3 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 0.000900901 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.84982
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.00632572 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice): Afsar and Hasted 1977: Water; n,k 22.22–1733 µm; 19.0 °C
h2o_d2o = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "H2O", "Asfar-H2O", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(h2o_d2o.range_nm) # (22220, 1.733e+06) nm
eps = h2o_d2o.eps([196000]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_85c7ec8b4881/lightsmith"
h2o_d2o = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(h2o_d2o.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (h2o/afsar-hasted-1977-asfar-h2o).
# ... load h2o_d2o as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=h2o_d2o)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=22220, stop_nm=1.733e+06, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- temperature
- 292 K
References
- doi:10.1364/josa.67.000902 Measurements of the optical constants of liquid H_2O and D_2O between 6 and 450 cm^−1, Journal of the Optical Society of America (1977)
Cite
M. N. Afsar and J. B. Hasted. Measurements of the optical constants of liquid H_2O and D_2O between 6 and 450 cm^−1. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 902 (1977), doi:10.1364/josa.67.000902; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
34 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 22.22 | 1.51 | 0.375 |
| 23.26 | 1.54 | 0.359 |
| 24.39 | 1.55 | 0.343 |
| 25.64 | 1.56 | 0.327 |
| 27.03 | 1.57 | 0.31 |
| 28.57 | 1.57 | 0.293 |
| 30.3 | 1.57 | 0.279 |
| 32.26 | 1.56 | 0.28 |
| 34.48 | 1.54 | 0.288 |
| 37.04 | 1.53 | 0.307 |
| 40.0 | 1.53 | 0.344 |
| 43.48 | 1.54 | 0.396 |
| 47.62 | 1.58 | 0.455 |
| 52.63 | 1.64 | 0.503 |
| 58.82 | 1.72 | 0.527 |
| 66.67 | 1.81 | 0.523 |
| 76.92 | 1.86 | 0.506 |
| 90.91 | 1.91 | 0.463 |
| 100.0 | 1.93 | 0.438 |
| 111.1 | 1.94 | 0.416 |
| 125.0 | 1.96 | 0.418 |
| 142.9 | 1.97 | 0.421 |
| 166.7 | 2.0 | 0.438 |
| 200.0 | 2.03 | 0.47 |
| 247.5 | 2.06 | 0.512 |
| 289.0 | 2.09 | 0.543 |
| 347.2 | 2.15 | 0.586 |
| 433.5 | 2.22 | 0.648 |
| 520.3 | 2.27 | 0.712 |
| 650.2 | 2.35 | 0.792 |
| 867.3 | 2.47 | 0.966 |
| 1041.0 | 2.56 | 1.06 |
| 1300.0 | 2.7 | 1.169 |
| 1733.0 | 3.05 | 1.393 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Liquid water (H2O) at 19 °C