Optical constants
Refractive index of H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice)
Daimon and Masumura 2007: Water; n 0.18–1.13 µm; 20.0 °C
- Data
- formula 2
- Range
- 0.182–1.129 µm
- Temperature
- 293.15 K
- State
- liquid
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.3334
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 1.77796
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- 55.76
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.0313345 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.35181
- Group velocity dispersion
- 47.2857 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -257.968 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice): Daimon and Masumura 2007: Water; n 0.18–1.13 µm; 20.0 °C
h2o_d2o = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "H2O", "Daimon-20.0C", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(h2o_d2o.range_nm) # (182, 1129) nm
eps = h2o_d2o.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_08e392e4d132/lightsmith"
h2o_d2o = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(h2o_d2o.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (h2o/daimon-masumura-2007-20-0c).
# ... load h2o_d2o as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=h2o_d2o)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_08e392e4d132/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
h2o_d2o_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
Sellmeier (C in µm²) (formula 2), λ in µmValid from 0.182 to 1.129 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 0.0 |
| C2 | 0.5684027565 |
| C3 | 0.005101829712 |
| C4 | 0.1726177391 |
| C5 | 0.01821153936 |
| C6 | 0.02086189578 |
| C7 | 0.02620722293 |
| C8 | 0.1130748688 |
| C9 | 10.69792721 |
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- temperature
- 293.15 K
References
- doi:10.1364/ao.46.003811 Measurement of the refractive index of distilled water from the near-infrared region to the ultraviolet region, Applied Optics (2007)
Cite
Masahiko Daimon and Akira Masumura. Measurement of the refractive index of distilled water from the near-infrared region to the ultraviolet region. Applied Optics, 46, 3811 (2007), doi:10.1364/ao.46.003811; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 0.182 | 1.467947 |
| 0.182834 | 1.464992 |
| 0.183673 | 1.462164 |
| 0.184515 | 1.459451 |
| 0.185361 | 1.456845 |
| 0.18621 | 1.454339 |
| 0.187064 | 1.451924 |
| 0.187922 | 1.449596 |
| 0.188783 | 1.447348 |
| 0.189649 | 1.445175 |
| 0.190518 | 1.443074 |
| 0.191392 | 1.441039 |
| 0.192269 | 1.439067 |
| 0.193151 | 1.437154 |
| 0.194036 | 1.435298 |
| 0.194926 | 1.433495 |
| 0.195819 | 1.431743 |
| 0.196717 | 1.43004 |
| 0.197619 | 1.428382 |
| 0.198525 | 1.426768 |
| 0.199435 | 1.425196 |
| 0.20035 | 1.423664 |
| 0.201268 | 1.422171 |
| 0.202191 | 1.420714 |
| 0.203118 | 1.419293 |
| 0.204049 | 1.417905 |
| 0.204984 | 1.41655 |
| 0.205924 | 1.415226 |
| 0.206868 | 1.413932 |
| 0.207817 | 1.412667 |
| 0.20877 | 1.41143 |
| 0.209727 | 1.410219 |
| 0.210688 | 1.409035 |
| 0.211654 | 1.407876 |
| 0.212624 | 1.406741 |
| 0.213599 | 1.405629 |
| 0.214578 | 1.40454 |
| 0.215562 | 1.403473 |
| 0.216551 | 1.402427 |
| 0.217543 | 1.401402 |
| 0.218541 | 1.400397 |
| 0.219543 | 1.399411 |
| 0.220549 | 1.398444 |
| 0.22156 | 1.397495 |
| 0.222576 | 1.396563 |
| 0.223596 | 1.395649 |
| 0.224622 | 1.394752 |
| 0.225651 | 1.39387 |
| 0.226686 | 1.393005 |
| 0.227725 | 1.392155 |
| 0.228769 | 1.39132 |
| 0.229818 | 1.390499 |
| 0.230872 | 1.389693 |
| 0.23193 | 1.3889 |
| 0.232993 | 1.388121 |
| 0.234062 | 1.387355 |
| 0.235135 | 1.386602 |
| 0.236213 | 1.385861 |
| 0.237296 | 1.385133 |
| 0.238384 | 1.384416 |
| 0.239476 | 1.383711 |
| 0.240574 | 1.383017 |
| 0.241677 | 1.382334 |
| 0.242785 | 1.381662 |
| 0.243898 | 1.381001 |
| 0.245017 | 1.38035 |
| 0.24614 | 1.379709 |
| 0.247268 | 1.379078 |
| 0.248402 | 1.378457 |
| 0.249541 | 1.377845 |
| 0.250685 | 1.377242 |
| 0.251834 | 1.376648 |
| 0.252989 | 1.376064 |
| 0.254148 | 1.375487 |
| 0.255314 | 1.37492 |
| 0.256484 | 1.37436 |
| 0.25766 | 1.373809 |
| 0.258841 | 1.373266 |
| 0.260028 | 1.37273 |
| 0.26122 | 1.372202 |
| 0.262418 | 1.371682 |
| 0.263621 | 1.371169 |
| 0.264829 | 1.370663 |
| 0.266044 | 1.370165 |
| 0.267263 | 1.369673 |
| 0.268489 | 1.369188 |
| 0.269719 | 1.36871 |
| 0.270956 | 1.368238 |
| 0.272198 | 1.367772 |
| 0.273446 | 1.367313 |
| 0.2747 | 1.366861 |
| 0.275959 | 1.366414 |
| 0.277224 | 1.365973 |
| 0.278495 | 1.365538 |
| 0.279772 | 1.365109 |
| 0.281055 | 1.364685 |
| 0.282343 | 1.364268 |
| 0.283638 | 1.363855 |
| 0.284938 | 1.363448 |
| 0.286244 | 1.363046 |
| 0.287557 | 1.362649 |
| 0.288875 | 1.362258 |
| 0.2902 | 1.361871 |
| 0.29153 | 1.361489 |
| 0.292867 | 1.361112 |
| 0.294209 | 1.36074 |
| 0.295558 | 1.360373 |
| 0.296913 | 1.36001 |
| 0.298274 | 1.359652 |
| 0.299642 | 1.359298 |
| 0.301016 | 1.358948 |
| 0.302396 | 1.358603 |
| 0.303782 | 1.358262 |
| 0.305175 | 1.357925 |
| 0.306574 | 1.357592 |
| 0.307979 | 1.357264 |
| 0.309391 | 1.356939 |
| 0.31081 | 1.356618 |
| 0.312235 | 1.356301 |
| 0.313666 | 1.355988 |
| 0.315104 | 1.355679 |
| 0.316549 | 1.355373 |
| 0.318 | 1.355071 |
| 0.319458 | 1.354772 |
| 0.320923 | 1.354477 |
| 0.322394 | 1.354185 |
| 0.323872 | 1.353897 |
| 0.325357 | 1.353612 |
| 0.326848 | 1.35333 |
| 0.328347 | 1.353052 |
| 0.329852 | 1.352777 |
| 0.331364 | 1.352505 |
| 0.332884 | 1.352236 |
| 0.33441 | 1.35197 |
| 0.335943 | 1.351707 |
| 0.337483 | 1.351448 |
| 0.33903 | 1.351191 |
| 0.340585 | 1.350937 |
| 0.342146 | 1.350685 |
| 0.343715 | 1.350437 |
| 0.34529 | 1.350191 |
| 0.346873 | 1.349948 |
| 0.348464 | 1.349708 |
| 0.350061 | 1.349471 |
| 0.351666 | 1.349236 |
| 0.353278 | 1.349003 |
| 0.354898 | 1.348773 |
| 0.356525 | 1.348546 |
| 0.35816 | 1.348321 |
| 0.359802 | 1.348099 |
| 0.361451 | 1.347879 |
| 0.363108 | 1.347661 |
| 0.364773 | 1.347446 |
| 0.366445 | 1.347233 |
| 0.368125 | 1.347022 |
| 0.369813 | 1.346813 |
| 0.371509 | 1.346607 |
| 0.373212 | 1.346403 |
| 0.374923 | 1.346201 |
| 0.376642 | 1.346001 |
| 0.378369 | 1.345803 |
| 0.380103 | 1.345608 |
| 0.381846 | 1.345414 |
| 0.383596 | 1.345222 |
| 0.385355 | 1.345033 |
| 0.387122 | 1.344845 |
| 0.388897 | 1.344659 |
| 0.39068 | 1.344475 |
| 0.392471 | 1.344293 |
| 0.39427 | 1.344113 |
| 0.396078 | 1.343935 |
| 0.397893 | 1.343758 |
| 0.399718 | 1.343584 |
| 0.40155 | 1.343411 |
| 0.403391 | 1.343239 |
| 0.405241 | 1.34307 |
| 0.407098 | 1.342902 |
| 0.408965 | 1.342736 |
| 0.41084 | 1.342571 |
| 0.412723 | 1.342408 |
| 0.414615 | 1.342247 |
| 0.416516 | 1.342087 |
| 0.418426 | 1.341929 |
| 0.420344 | 1.341773 |
| 0.422271 | 1.341617 |
| 0.424207 | 1.341464 |
| 0.426152 | 1.341312 |
| 0.428106 | 1.341161 |
| 0.430069 | 1.341012 |
| 0.43204 | 1.340864 |
| 0.434021 | 1.340718 |
| 0.436011 | 1.340573 |
| 0.43801 | 1.340429 |
| 0.440018 | 1.340287 |
| 0.442035 | 1.340146 |
| 0.444062 | 1.340006 |
| 0.446098 | 1.339868 |
| 0.448143 | 1.339731 |
| 0.450197 | 1.339595 |
| 0.452261 | 1.339461 |
| 0.454335 | 1.339328 |
| 0.456418 | 1.339196 |
| 0.45851 | 1.339065 |
| 0.460612 | 1.338935 |
| 0.462724 | 1.338807 |
| 0.464845 | 1.33868 |
| 0.466977 | 1.338553 |
| 0.469117 | 1.338428 |
| 0.471268 | 1.338305 |
| 0.473429 | 1.338182 |
| 0.475599 | 1.33806 |
| 0.47778 | 1.337939 |
| 0.47997 | 1.33782 |
| 0.482171 | 1.337701 |
| 0.484381 | 1.337584 |
| 0.486602 | 1.337467 |
| 0.488833 | 1.337352 |
| 0.491074 | 1.337237 |
| 0.493325 | 1.337124 |
| 0.495587 | 1.337011 |
| 0.497859 | 1.3369 |
| 0.500142 | 1.336789 |
| 0.502434 | 1.336679 |
| 0.504738 | 1.336571 |
| 0.507052 | 1.336463 |
| 0.509377 | 1.336356 |
| 0.511712 | 1.33625 |
| 0.514058 | 1.336144 |
| 0.516415 | 1.33604 |
| 0.518782 | 1.335936 |
| 0.521161 | 1.335834 |
| 0.52355 | 1.335732 |
| 0.52595 | 1.335631 |
| 0.528362 | 1.335531 |
| 0.530784 | 1.335431 |
| 0.533217 | 1.335332 |
| 0.535662 | 1.335234 |
| 0.538118 | 1.335137 |
| 0.540585 | 1.335041 |
| 0.543063 | 1.334945 |
| 0.545553 | 1.33485 |
| 0.548054 | 1.334756 |
| 0.550567 | 1.334662 |
| 0.553091 | 1.334569 |
| 0.555626 | 1.334477 |
| 0.558174 | 1.334386 |
| 0.560733 | 1.334295 |
| 0.563304 | 1.334205 |
| 0.565886 | 1.334115 |
| 0.56848 | 1.334027 |
| 0.571087 | 1.333938 |
| 0.573705 | 1.333851 |
| 0.576335 | 1.333764 |
| 0.578977 | 1.333677 |
| 0.581632 | 1.333592 |
| 0.584298 | 1.333506 |
| 0.586977 | 1.333422 |
| 0.589668 | 1.333338 |
| 0.592372 | 1.333254 |
| 0.595087 | 1.333171 |
| 0.597816 | 1.333089 |
| 0.600556 | 1.333007 |
| 0.60331 | 1.332925 |
| 0.606076 | 1.332845 |
| 0.608854 | 1.332764 |
| 0.611646 | 1.332684 |
| 0.61445 | 1.332605 |
| 0.617267 | 1.332526 |
| 0.620097 | 1.332448 |
| 0.62294 | 1.33237 |
| 0.625796 | 1.332293 |
| 0.628665 | 1.332216 |
| 0.631547 | 1.332139 |
| 0.634442 | 1.332063 |
| 0.637351 | 1.331987 |
| 0.640273 | 1.331912 |
| 0.643208 | 1.331837 |
| 0.646157 | 1.331763 |
| 0.64912 | 1.331688 |
| 0.652096 | 1.331615 |
| 0.655085 | 1.331542 |
| 0.658088 | 1.331469 |
| 0.661106 | 1.331396 |
| 0.664136 | 1.331324 |
| 0.667181 | 1.331252 |
| 0.67024 | 1.331181 |
| 0.673313 | 1.331109 |
| 0.6764 | 1.331039 |
| 0.679501 | 1.330968 |
| 0.682616 | 1.330898 |
| 0.685746 | 1.330828 |
| 0.688889 | 1.330759 |
| 0.692048 | 1.330689 |
| 0.69522 | 1.33062 |
| 0.698408 | 1.330552 |
| 0.70161 | 1.330483 |
| 0.704826 | 1.330415 |
| 0.708058 | 1.330347 |
| 0.711304 | 1.33028 |
| 0.714565 | 1.330212 |
| 0.717841 | 1.330145 |
| 0.721132 | 1.330078 |
| 0.724438 | 1.330012 |
| 0.727759 | 1.329945 |
| 0.731096 | 1.329879 |
| 0.734448 | 1.329813 |
| 0.737815 | 1.329747 |
| 0.741197 | 1.329681 |
| 0.744595 | 1.329616 |
| 0.748009 | 1.329551 |
| 0.751438 | 1.329486 |
| 0.754884 | 1.329421 |
| 0.758344 | 1.329356 |
| 0.761821 | 1.329291 |
| 0.765314 | 1.329227 |
| 0.768822 | 1.329163 |
| 0.772347 | 1.329098 |
| 0.775888 | 1.329034 |
| 0.779445 | 1.328971 |
| 0.783019 | 1.328907 |
| 0.786609 | 1.328843 |
| 0.790215 | 1.328779 |
| 0.793838 | 1.328716 |
| 0.797477 | 1.328653 |
| 0.801133 | 1.328589 |
| 0.804806 | 1.328526 |
| 0.808496 | 1.328463 |
| 0.812202 | 1.3284 |
| 0.815926 | 1.328337 |
| 0.819667 | 1.328274 |
| 0.823425 | 1.328211 |
| 0.8272 | 1.328148 |
| 0.830992 | 1.328085 |
| 0.834802 | 1.328022 |
| 0.838629 | 1.327959 |
| 0.842474 | 1.327896 |
| 0.846336 | 1.327833 |
| 0.850217 | 1.32777 |
| 0.854114 | 1.327708 |
| 0.85803 | 1.327645 |
| 0.861964 | 1.327582 |
| 0.865916 | 1.327519 |
| 0.869886 | 1.327456 |
| 0.873874 | 1.327393 |
| 0.87788 | 1.32733 |
| 0.881905 | 1.327267 |
| 0.885948 | 1.327203 |
| 0.89001 | 1.32714 |
| 0.89409 | 1.327077 |
| 0.898189 | 1.327013 |
| 0.902307 | 1.32695 |
| 0.906444 | 1.326886 |
| 0.910599 | 1.326822 |
| 0.914774 | 1.326759 |
| 0.918968 | 1.326695 |
| 0.923181 | 1.32663 |
| 0.927414 | 1.326566 |
| 0.931665 | 1.326502 |
| 0.935937 | 1.326437 |
| 0.940228 | 1.326373 |
| 0.944538 | 1.326308 |
| 0.948869 | 1.326243 |
| 0.953219 | 1.326177 |
| 0.957589 | 1.326112 |
| 0.961979 | 1.326046 |
| 0.966389 | 1.325981 |
| 0.97082 | 1.325915 |
| 0.975271 | 1.325848 |
| 0.979742 | 1.325782 |
| 0.984234 | 1.325715 |
| 0.988746 | 1.325648 |
| 0.993279 | 1.325581 |
| 0.997833 | 1.325513 |
| 1.00241 | 1.325446 |
| 1.007 | 1.325378 |
| 1.01162 | 1.325309 |
| 1.01626 | 1.325241 |
| 1.02092 | 1.325172 |
| 1.0256 | 1.325103 |
| 1.0303 | 1.325033 |
| 1.03502 | 1.324963 |
| 1.03977 | 1.324893 |
| 1.04454 | 1.324822 |
| 1.04932 | 1.324752 |
| 1.05413 | 1.32468 |
| 1.05897 | 1.324609 |
| 1.06382 | 1.324536 |
| 1.0687 | 1.324464 |
| 1.0736 | 1.324391 |
| 1.07852 | 1.324318 |
| 1.08347 | 1.324244 |
| 1.08843 | 1.32417 |
| 1.09342 | 1.324096 |
| 1.09844 | 1.324021 |
| 1.10347 | 1.323945 |
| 1.10853 | 1.323869 |
| 1.11361 | 1.323793 |
| 1.11872 | 1.323716 |
| 1.12385 | 1.323638 |
| 1.129 | 1.32356 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) distilled water at 20.0 °C.