Optical constants

Refractive index of H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice)

Daimon and Masumura 2007: Water; n 0.18–1.13 µm; 24.0 °C

Data
formula 2
Range
0.182–1.129 µm
Temperature
297.15 K
State
liquid
Licence
CC0-1.0
Lightsmith
bundled

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.182–1.129 µm
Refractive index n
1.33302
Extinction coefficient k
0
Permittivity ε1
1.77693
Permittivity ε2
0
Absorption coefficient α
0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
— nm
Abbe number Vd
55.81
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
-0.0312648 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
1.35139
Group velocity dispersion
47.2696 fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
-257.881 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice): Daimon and Masumura 2007: Water; n 0.18–1.13 µm; 24.0 °C
h2o_d2o = ls.LibraryMaterial(name="H2O", dataset="Daimon-24C")
print(h2o_d2o.range_nm)  # (182, 1129) nm
eps = h2o_d2o.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Ships with the library: works offline.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (C in µm²) (formula 2), λ in µm
n2−1=0.566695982λ2λ2−0.005084151894+0.1731900098λ2λ2−0.01818488474+0.02095951857λ2λ2−0.02625439472+0.1125228406λ2λ2−10.73842352

Valid from 0.182 to 1.129 µm.

Coefficients as stored
CiValue
C10.0
C20.566695982
C30.005084151894
C40.1731900098
C50.01818488474
C60.02095951857
C70.02625439472
C80.1125228406
C910.73842352

Comments and conditions

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) distilled water at 24.0 °C.

Conditions

temperature
297.15 K

References

M. Daimon and A. Masumura. Measurement of the refractive index of distilled water from the near-infrared region to the ultraviolet region. Appl. Opt. 46, 3811-3820 (2007)
  • doi:10.1364/ao.46.003811 Measurement of the refractive index of distilled water from the near-infrared region to the ultraviolet region, Applied Optics (2007)

Cite

Masahiko Daimon and Akira Masumura. Measurement of the refractive index of distilled water from the near-infrared region to the ultraviolet region. Applied Optics, 46, 3811 (2007), doi:10.1364/ao.46.003811; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library
H2O, D2O (Water, heavy water, ice), Daimon and Masumura 2007: Water; n 0.18–1.13 µm; 24.0 °C: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)n
0.1821.46771
0.1828341.464738
0.1836731.461893
0.1845151.459166
0.1853611.456548
0.186211.45403
0.1870641.451605
0.1879221.449267
0.1887831.447011
0.1896491.444831
0.1905181.442722
0.1913921.440681
0.1922691.438703
0.1931511.436786
0.1940361.434925
0.1949261.433118
0.1958191.431362
0.1967171.429654
0.1976191.427994
0.1985251.426377
0.1994351.424802
0.200351.423268
0.2012681.421772
0.2021911.420313
0.2031181.418889
0.2040491.4175
0.2049841.416143
0.2059241.414817
0.2068681.413522
0.2078171.412255
0.208771.411017
0.2097271.409805
0.2106881.40862
0.2116541.40746
0.2126241.406324
0.2135991.405212
0.2145781.404122
0.2155621.403054
0.2165511.402008
0.2175431.400982
0.2185411.399976
0.2195431.39899
0.2205491.398022
0.221561.397072
0.2225761.396141
0.2235961.395226
0.2246221.394329
0.2256511.393447
0.2266861.392581
0.2277251.391731
0.2287691.390896
0.2298181.390075
0.2308721.389269
0.231931.388476
0.2329931.387697
0.2340621.386931
0.2351351.386177
0.2362131.385437
0.2372961.384708
0.2383841.383991
0.2394761.383286
0.2405741.382593
0.2416771.38191
0.2427851.381238
0.2438981.380577
0.2450171.379926
0.246141.379285
0.2472681.378654
0.2484021.378033
0.2495411.377421
0.2506851.376819
0.2518341.376225
0.2529891.37564
0.2541481.375064
0.2553141.374497
0.2564841.373937
0.257661.373386
0.2588411.372843
0.2600281.372308
0.261221.37178
0.2624181.37126
0.2636211.370747
0.2648291.370242
0.2660441.369743
0.2672631.369252
0.2684891.368767
0.2697191.368289
0.2709561.367817
0.2721981.367352
0.2734461.366893
0.27471.366441
0.2759591.365994
0.2772241.365554
0.2784951.365119
0.2797721.36469
0.2810551.364267
0.2823431.363849
0.2836381.363437
0.2849381.36303
0.2862441.362628
0.2875571.362232
0.2888751.36184
0.29021.361454
0.291531.361072
0.2928671.360696
0.2942091.360324
0.2955581.359956
0.2969131.359594
0.2982741.359236
0.2996421.358882
0.3010161.358533
0.3023961.358188
0.3037821.357847
0.3051751.35751
0.3065741.357178
0.3079791.356849
0.3093911.356525
0.310811.356204
0.3122351.355888
0.3136661.355575
0.3151041.355265
0.3165491.35496
0.3181.354658
0.3194581.35436
0.3209231.354065
0.3223941.353773
0.3238721.353485
0.3253571.353201
0.3268481.352919
0.3283471.352641
0.3298521.352366
0.3313641.352094
0.3328841.351826
0.334411.35156
0.3359431.351297
0.3374831.351038
0.339031.350781
0.3405851.350527
0.3421461.350276
0.3437151.350028
0.345291.349783
0.3468731.34954
0.3484641.3493
0.3500611.349063
0.3516661.348828
0.3532781.348596
0.3548981.348366
0.3565251.348139
0.358161.347914
0.3598021.347692
0.3614511.347472
0.3631081.347255
0.3647731.34704
0.3664451.346827
0.3681251.346616
0.3698131.346408
0.3715091.346202
0.3732121.345998
0.3749231.345796
0.3766421.345596
0.3783691.345399
0.3801031.345203
0.3818461.34501
0.3835961.344818
0.3853551.344629
0.3871221.344441
0.3888971.344256
0.390681.344072
0.3924711.34389
0.394271.34371
0.3960781.343532
0.3978931.343356
0.3997181.343181
0.401551.343009
0.4033911.342838
0.4052411.342668
0.4070981.342501
0.4089651.342335
0.410841.34217
0.4127231.342008
0.4146151.341846
0.4165161.341687
0.4184261.341529
0.4203441.341373
0.4222711.341218
0.4242071.341064
0.4261521.340912
0.4281061.340762
0.4300691.340613
0.432041.340465
0.4340211.340319
0.4360111.340174
0.438011.340031
0.4400181.339889
0.4420351.339748
0.4440621.339609
0.4460981.339471
0.4481431.339334
0.4501971.339198
0.4522611.339064
0.4543351.338931
0.4564181.338799
0.458511.338668
0.4606121.338539
0.4627241.338411
0.4648451.338284
0.4669771.338158
0.4691171.338033
0.4712681.337909
0.4734291.337787
0.4755991.337665
0.477781.337545
0.479971.337425
0.4821711.337307
0.4843811.33719
0.4866021.337073
0.4888331.336958
0.4910741.336844
0.4933251.33673
0.4955871.336618
0.4978591.336507
0.5001421.336396
0.5024341.336287
0.5047381.336178
0.5070521.33607
0.5093771.335963
0.5117121.335857
0.5140581.335752
0.5164151.335648
0.5187821.335545
0.5211611.335442
0.523551.335341
0.525951.33524
0.5283621.33514
0.5307841.33504
0.5332171.334942
0.5356621.334844
0.5381181.334747
0.5405851.334651
0.5430631.334555
0.5455531.33446
0.5480541.334366
0.5505671.334273
0.5530911.33418
0.5556261.334088
0.5581741.333997
0.5607331.333907
0.5633041.333817
0.5658861.333727
0.568481.333639
0.5710871.333551
0.5737051.333463
0.5763351.333376
0.5789771.33329
0.5816321.333204
0.5842981.333119
0.5869771.333035
0.5896681.332951
0.5923721.332868
0.5950871.332785
0.5978161.332703
0.6005561.332621
0.603311.33254
0.6060761.332459
0.6088541.332379
0.6116461.332299
0.614451.33222
0.6172671.332142
0.6200971.332063
0.622941.331986
0.6257961.331908
0.6286651.331832
0.6315471.331755
0.6344421.331679
0.6373511.331604
0.6402731.331529
0.6432081.331454
0.6461571.33138
0.649121.331306
0.6520961.331233
0.6550851.331159
0.6580881.331087
0.6611061.331014
0.6641361.330942
0.6671811.330871
0.670241.3308
0.6733131.330729
0.67641.330658
0.6795011.330588
0.6826161.330518
0.6857461.330448
0.6888891.330379
0.6920481.33031
0.695221.330241
0.6984081.330173
0.701611.330104
0.7048261.330037
0.7080581.329969
0.7113041.329902
0.7145651.329834
0.7178411.329767
0.7211321.329701
0.7244381.329634
0.7277591.329568
0.7310961.329502
0.7344481.329436
0.7378151.329371
0.7411971.329305
0.7445951.32924
0.7480091.329175
0.7514381.32911
0.7548841.329046
0.7583441.328981
0.7618211.328917
0.7653141.328853
0.7688221.328789
0.7723471.328725
0.7758881.328661
0.7794451.328597
0.7830191.328534
0.7866091.32847
0.7902151.328407
0.7938381.328344
0.7974771.328281
0.8011331.328218
0.8048061.328155
0.8084961.328092
0.8122021.328029
0.8159261.327966
0.8196671.327903
0.8234251.327841
0.82721.327778
0.8309921.327715
0.8348021.327653
0.8386291.32759
0.8424741.327528
0.8463361.327465
0.8502171.327403
0.8541141.32734
0.858031.327277
0.8619641.327215
0.8659161.327152
0.8698861.327089
0.8738741.327027
0.877881.326964
0.8819051.326901
0.8859481.326838
0.890011.326775
0.894091.326712
0.8981891.326649
0.9023071.326586
0.9064441.326523
0.9105991.326459
0.9147741.326396
0.9189681.326332
0.9231811.326269
0.9274141.326205
0.9316651.326141
0.9359371.326076
0.9402281.326012
0.9445381.325948
0.9488691.325883
0.9532191.325818
0.9575891.325753
0.9619791.325688
0.9663891.325622
0.970821.325557
0.9752711.325491
0.9797421.325425
0.9842341.325359
0.9887461.325292
0.9932791.325225
0.9978331.325158
1.002411.325091
1.0071.325023
1.011621.324955
1.016261.324887
1.020921.324819
1.02561.32475
1.03031.324681
1.035021.324612
1.039771.324542
1.044541.324472
1.049321.324401
1.054131.32433
1.058971.324259
1.063821.324188
1.06871.324116
1.07361.324043
1.078521.323971
1.083471.323898
1.088431.323824
1.093421.32375
1.098441.323675
1.103471.3236
1.108531.323525
1.113611.323449
1.118721.323373
1.123851.323296
1.1291.323218

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—