Optical constants
Refractive index of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes)
Arakawa et al. 1977: n,k 0.326–2.07 µm
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 0.3263–2.066 µm
- Points
- 18
- State
- amorphous
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 2.40131
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0.79016
- Permittivity ε1
- 5.14196
- Permittivity ε2
- 3.79484
- Absorption coefficient α
- 168983 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 118.355 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 0.888099 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.87947
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes): Arakawa et al. 1977: n,k 0.326–2.07 µm
c = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "C", "Arakawa", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c.range_nm) # (326.3, 2066.4) nm
eps = c.eps([633]) # complex permittivityDownloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_3391d95ac9c6/lightsmith"
c = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c.source) # citation and provenance travel with the dataAny dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (c/arakawa-1977).
# ... load c as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelengthSame spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
References
- doi:10.1063/1.324057 Optical properties of arc-evaporated carbon films between 0.6 and 3.8 eV, Journal of Applied Physics (1977)
Cite
E. T. Arakawa, M. W. Williams and T. Inagaki. Optical properties of arc-evaporated carbon films between 0.6 and 3.8 eV. Journal of Applied Physics, 48, 3176-3177 (1977), doi:10.1063/1.324057; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
18 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 0.3263 | 1.9 | 0.91 |
| 0.3444 | 1.94 | 0.92 |
| 0.3647 | 2.0 | 0.92 |
| 0.3875 | 2.06 | 0.91 |
| 0.4133 | 2.11 | 0.9 |
| 0.4428 | 2.17 | 0.89 |
| 0.4769 | 2.24 | 0.88 |
| 0.5166 | 2.3 | 0.87 |
| 0.5636 | 2.38 | 0.82 |
| 0.6199 | 2.43 | 0.75 |
| 0.6888 | 2.43 | 0.7 |
| 0.7749 | 2.33 | 0.71 |
| 0.8856 | 2.24 | 0.8 |
| 1.0332 | 2.26 | 1.09 |
| 1.2398 | 2.63 | 1.47 |
| 1.5498 | 3.34 | 1.63 |
| 1.7712 | 3.67 | 1.6 |
| 2.0664 | 3.73 | 1.54 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Arc-evaporated carbon film. Room temterature.