Optical constants

Refractive index of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes)

Djurišić and Li 1999: Graphite; n,k (e); 0.0310–0.5904 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.031–0.5904 µm
Points: 1000
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.50139
Extinction coefficient k: 0.00716278

Permittivity ε₁: 2.25411
Permittivity ε₂: 0.0215082

Absorption coefficient α: 1531.83 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 13056.3 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0667939 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.54064
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes): Djurišić and Li 1999: Graphite; n,k (e); 0.0310–0.5904 µm
c = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "C", "Djurisic-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c.range_nm)  # (30.996, 590.4) nm
eps = c.eps([135])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_da526bfb06b2/lightsmith"
c = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (c/djurisic-li-1999-e).

# ... load c as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=590, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Graphite. Extraordinary ray (e). Critical analysis and fit of the experimental data from several sources to a modified Lorentz-Drude (LD) model.

Conditions

direction: e

References

A. B. Djurišić and E. H. Li. Optical properties of graphite. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 7404-7410 (1999)
[Calculation script (Python)]

doi:10.1063/1.369370 Optical properties of graphite, Journal of Applied Physics (1999)

Cite

Aleksandra B. Djurišić and E. Herbert Li. Optical properties of graphite. Journal of Applied Physics, 85, 7404-7410 (1999), doi:10.1063/1.369370; [Calculation script (Python)]; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

1000 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes), Djurišić and Li 1999: Graphite; n,k (e); 0.0310–0.5904 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.030996	0.88474	0.30199
0.031025	0.88525	0.30068
0.031055	0.88572	0.29938
0.031084	0.88615	0.29809
0.031114	0.88655	0.2968
0.031144	0.8869	0.29553
0.031173	0.88723	0.29426
0.031203	0.88751	0.29301
0.031233	0.88776	0.29177
0.031263	0.88798	0.29054
0.031293	0.88816	0.28933
0.031323	0.8883	0.28814
0.031353	0.88842	0.28696
0.031383	0.8885	0.28579
0.031413	0.88854	0.28465
0.031443	0.88856	0.28352
0.031474	0.88854	0.28242
0.031504	0.8885	0.28133
0.031534	0.88842	0.28027
0.031565	0.88832	0.27923
0.031595	0.88819	0.27821
0.031626	0.88803	0.27722
0.031657	0.88784	0.27625
0.031687	0.88763	0.27531
0.031718	0.88739	0.27439
0.031749	0.88713	0.27349
0.03178	0.88685	0.27263
0.031811	0.88654	0.27179
0.031842	0.88621	0.27097
0.031873	0.88587	0.27019
0.031904	0.8855	0.26943
0.031935	0.88511	0.26871
0.031966	0.8847	0.26801
0.031998	0.88428	0.26734
0.032029	0.88384	0.2667
0.03206	0.88339	0.26609
0.032092	0.88292	0.2655
0.032123	0.88243	0.26495
0.032155	0.88194	0.26443
0.032187	0.88143	0.26394
0.032218	0.88091	0.26348
0.03225	0.88038	0.26305
0.032282	0.87984	0.26265
0.032314	0.87929	0.26228
0.032346	0.87874	0.26194
0.032378	0.87817	0.26163
0.03241	0.8776	0.26135
0.032442	0.87703	0.2611
0.032474	0.87645	0.26089
0.032507	0.87586	0.2607
0.032539	0.87528	0.26054
0.032572	0.87469	0.26041
0.032604	0.87409	0.26031
0.032637	0.8735	0.26023
0.032669	0.87291	0.26019
0.032702	0.87232	0.26018
0.032735	0.87172	0.26019
0.032768	0.87113	0.26023
0.0328	0.87054	0.2603
0.032833	0.86996	0.2604
0.032866	0.86937	0.26052
0.032899	0.8688	0.26067
0.032933	0.86822	0.26085
0.032966	0.86765	0.26106
0.032999	0.86709	0.26128
0.033032	0.86653	0.26154
0.033066	0.86598	0.26182
0.033099	0.86543	0.26212
0.033133	0.8649	0.26245
0.033167	0.86437	0.2628
0.0332	0.86385	0.26318
0.033234	0.86334	0.26358
0.033268	0.86283	0.264
0.033302	0.86234	0.26444
0.033336	0.86186	0.26491
0.03337	0.86139	0.2654
0.033404	0.86093	0.2659
0.033438	0.86048	0.26643
0.033472	0.86004	0.26698
0.033507	0.85961	0.26755
0.033541	0.8592	0.26813
0.033575	0.85879	0.26874
0.03361	0.8584	0.26936
0.033645	0.85803	0.27
0.033679	0.85766	0.27066
0.033714	0.85731	0.27134
0.033749	0.85697	0.27203
0.033784	0.85665	0.27274
0.033819	0.85634	0.27346
0.033854	0.85605	0.2742
0.033889	0.85576	0.27496
0.033924	0.8555	0.27572
0.033959	0.85525	0.2765
0.033995	0.85501	0.2773
0.03403	0.85479	0.27811
0.034065	0.85458	0.27893
0.034101	0.85439	0.27976
0.034137	0.85421	0.2806
0.034172	0.85405	0.28146
0.034208	0.8539	0.28233
0.034244	0.85377	0.2832
0.03428	0.85366	0.28409
0.034316	0.85356	0.28499
0.034352	0.85348	0.28589
0.034388	0.85341	0.2868
0.034424	0.85336	0.28773
0.034461	0.85332	0.28866
0.034497	0.8533	0.2896
0.034533	0.85329	0.29054
0.03457	0.8533	0.29149
0.034607	0.85333	0.29245
0.034643	0.85337	0.29342
0.03468	0.85343	0.29439
0.034717	0.8535	0.29536
0.034754	0.85359	0.29635
0.034791	0.8537	0.29733
0.034828	0.85382	0.29832
0.034865	0.85396	0.29932
0.034902	0.85411	0.30031
0.03494	0.85428	0.30131
0.034977	0.85446	0.30232
0.035014	0.85466	0.30333
0.035052	0.85487	0.30434
0.03509	0.8551	0.30535
0.035127	0.85534	0.30636
0.035165	0.8556	0.30738
0.035203	0.85588	0.30839
0.035241	0.85616	0.30941
0.035279	0.85647	0.31043
0.035317	0.85679	0.31145
0.035355	0.85712	0.31246
0.035394	0.85747	0.31348
0.035432	0.85783	0.3145
0.03547	0.8582	0.31552
0.035509	0.85859	0.31653
0.035548	0.859	0.31755
0.035586	0.85942	0.31856
0.035625	0.85985	0.31957
0.035664	0.86029	0.32058
0.035703	0.86075	0.32159
0.035742	0.86123	0.3226
0.035781	0.86171	0.3236
0.03582	0.86221	0.3246
0.03586	0.86273	0.3256
0.035899	0.86325	0.32659
0.035938	0.86379	0.32758
0.035978	0.86434	0.32857
0.036018	0.86491	0.32955
0.036057	0.86548	0.33053
0.036097	0.86607	0.33151
0.036137	0.86667	0.33248
0.036177	0.86729	0.33344
0.036217	0.86791	0.33441
0.036257	0.86855	0.33536
0.036298	0.8692	0.33631
0.036338	0.86986	0.33726
0.036379	0.87053	0.3382
0.036419	0.87122	0.33914
0.03646	0.87191	0.34007
0.0365	0.87262	0.34099
0.036541	0.87333	0.34191
0.036582	0.87406	0.34282
0.036623	0.8748	0.34373
0.036664	0.87555	0.34463
0.036705	0.87631	0.34552
0.036747	0.87708	0.34641
0.036788	0.87786	0.34729
0.03683	0.87865	0.34816
0.036871	0.87945	0.34903
0.036913	0.88025	0.34989
0.036954	0.88107	0.35074
0.036996	0.8819	0.35159
0.037038	0.88274	0.35242
0.03708	0.88359	0.35325
0.037122	0.88444	0.35408
0.037165	0.88531	0.35489
0.037207	0.88618	0.3557
0.037249	0.88707	0.35649
0.037292	0.88796	0.35729
0.037334	0.88886	0.35807
0.037377	0.88976	0.35884
0.03742	0.89068	0.35961
0.037463	0.89161	0.36037
0.037506	0.89254	0.36111
0.037549	0.89348	0.36185
0.037592	0.89443	0.36259
0.037635	0.89538	0.36331
0.037679	0.89634	0.36402
0.037722	0.89731	0.36473
0.037766	0.89829	0.36543
0.03781	0.89928	0.36611
0.037853	0.90027	0.36679
0.037897	0.90127	0.36746
0.037941	0.90227	0.36812
0.037985	0.90328	0.36877
0.03803	0.9043	0.36941
0.038074	0.90533	0.37005
0.038118	0.90636	0.37067
0.038163	0.9074	0.37128
0.038207	0.90844	0.37188
0.038252	0.90949	0.37248
0.038297	0.91054	0.37306
0.038342	0.9116	0.37364
0.038387	0.91267	0.3742
0.038432	0.91374	0.37475
0.038477	0.91482	0.3753
0.038523	0.9159	0.37583
0.038568	0.91699	0.37636
0.038614	0.91808	0.37687
0.038659	0.91918	0.37737
0.038705	0.92028	0.37787
0.038751	0.92138	0.37835
0.038797	0.92249	0.37882
0.038843	0.92361	0.37929
0.038889	0.92473	0.37974
0.038936	0.92585	0.38018
0.038982	0.92698	0.38061
0.039029	0.92811	0.38103
0.039075	0.92925	0.38144
0.039122	0.93039	0.38184
0.039169	0.93153	0.38223
0.039216	0.93268	0.38261
0.039263	0.93382	0.38298
0.03931	0.93498	0.38333
0.039358	0.93613	0.38368
0.039405	0.93729	0.38401
0.039453	0.93845	0.38434
0.0395	0.93962	0.38465
0.039548	0.94078	0.38495
0.039596	0.94195	0.38524
0.039644	0.94313	0.38552
0.039692	0.9443	0.38579
0.039741	0.94548	0.38605
0.039789	0.94665	0.3863
0.039837	0.94783	0.38653
0.039886	0.94902	0.38676
0.039935	0.9502	0.38697
0.039984	0.95138	0.38717
0.040033	0.95257	0.38736
0.040082	0.95376	0.38754
0.040131	0.95495	0.38771
0.04018	0.95614	0.38786
0.04023	0.95733	0.38801
0.040279	0.95852	0.38814
0.040329	0.95971	0.38826
0.040379	0.96091	0.38837
0.040429	0.9621	0.38847
0.040479	0.96329	0.38856
0.040529	0.96449	0.38863
0.040579	0.96568	0.38869
0.04063	0.96687	0.38875
0.04068	0.96807	0.38879
0.040731	0.96926	0.38882
0.040782	0.97045	0.38883
0.040833	0.97164	0.38884
0.040884	0.97283	0.38883
0.040935	0.97402	0.38881
0.040987	0.97521	0.38879
0.041038	0.9764	0.38874
0.04109	0.97758	0.38869
0.041141	0.97877	0.38863
0.041193	0.97995	0.38855
0.041245	0.98113	0.38846
0.041297	0.98231	0.38836
0.04135	0.98349	0.38825
0.041402	0.98466	0.38813
0.041454	0.98583	0.38799
0.041507	0.987	0.38784
0.04156	0.98817	0.38768
0.041613	0.98933	0.38751
0.041666	0.99049	0.38733
0.041719	0.99165	0.38714
0.041772	0.99281	0.38693
0.041826	0.99396	0.38671
0.041879	0.99511	0.38648
0.041933	0.99625	0.38624
0.041987	0.99739	0.38599
0.042041	0.99852	0.38573
0.042095	0.99966	0.38545
0.04215	1.0008	0.38516
0.042204	1.0019	0.38486
0.042259	1.003	0.38455
0.042313	1.0041	0.38423
0.042368	1.0052	0.3839
0.042423	1.0063	0.38355
0.042478	1.0074	0.3832
0.042534	1.0085	0.38283
0.042589	1.0096	0.38245
0.042645	1.0107	0.38206
0.0427	1.0118	0.38166
0.042756	1.0128	0.38125
0.042812	1.0139	0.38082
0.042868	1.015	0.38039
0.042925	1.016	0.37994
0.042981	1.017	0.37948
0.043038	1.0181	0.37902
0.043094	1.0191	0.37854
0.043151	1.0201	0.37805
0.043208	1.0211	0.37755
0.043266	1.0221	0.37704
0.043323	1.0231	0.37651
0.04338	1.0241	0.37598
0.043438	1.0251	0.37544
0.043496	1.0261	0.37489
0.043554	1.027	0.37433
0.043612	1.028	0.37375
0.04367	1.0289	0.37317
0.043729	1.0299	0.37258
0.043787	1.0308	0.37197
0.043846	1.0317	0.37136
0.043905	1.0326	0.37074
0.043964	1.0335	0.37011
0.044023	1.0344	0.36946
0.044083	1.0353	0.36881
0.044142	1.0361	0.36815
0.044202	1.037	0.36748
0.044262	1.0378	0.36681
0.044322	1.0387	0.36612
0.044382	1.0395	0.36542
0.044442	1.0403	0.36472
0.044503	1.0411	0.36401
0.044563	1.0419	0.36328
0.044624	1.0427	0.36256
0.044685	1.0435	0.36182
0.044747	1.0442	0.36107
0.044808	1.045	0.36032
0.044869	1.0457	0.35956
0.044931	1.0464	0.35879
0.044993	1.0471	0.35801
0.045055	1.0478	0.35723
0.045117	1.0485	0.35644
0.04518	1.0491	0.35564
0.045242	1.0498	0.35484
0.045305	1.0504	0.35403
0.045368	1.0511	0.35322
0.045431	1.0517	0.35239
0.045494	1.0523	0.35156
0.045557	1.0529	0.35073
0.045621	1.0534	0.34989
0.045685	1.054	0.34905
0.045749	1.0545	0.3482
0.045813	1.0551	0.34734
0.045877	1.0556	0.34648
0.045942	1.0561	0.34561
0.046006	1.0566	0.34475
0.046071	1.057	0.34387
0.046136	1.0575	0.34299
0.046201	1.0579	0.34211
0.046267	1.0584	0.34123
0.046332	1.0588	0.34034
0.046398	1.0592	0.33945
0.046464	1.0595	0.33855
0.04653	1.0599	0.33766
0.046597	1.0602	0.33676
0.046663	1.0606	0.33585
0.04673	1.0609	0.33495
0.046797	1.0612	0.33404
0.046864	1.0615	0.33314
0.046931	1.0617	0.33223
0.046999	1.062	0.33132
0.047067	1.0622	0.33041
0.047134	1.0624	0.3295
0.047202	1.0626	0.32858
0.047271	1.0628	0.32767
0.047339	1.063	0.32676
0.047408	1.0631	0.32585
0.047477	1.0633	0.32494
0.047546	1.0634	0.32403
0.047615	1.0635	0.32312
0.047685	1.0636	0.32221
0.047754	1.0636	0.3213
0.047824	1.0637	0.3204
0.047894	1.0637	0.31949
0.047965	1.0637	0.31859
0.048035	1.0637	0.3177
0.048106	1.0637	0.3168
0.048177	1.0637	0.31591
0.048248	1.0636	0.31502
0.048319	1.0636	0.31414
0.048391	1.0635	0.31326
0.048462	1.0634	0.31238
0.048534	1.0632	0.31151
0.048607	1.0631	0.31064
0.048679	1.0629	0.30978
0.048752	1.0628	0.30893
0.048824	1.0626	0.30807
0.048897	1.0624	0.30723
0.048971	1.0621	0.30639
0.049044	1.0619	0.30556
0.049118	1.0616	0.30473
0.049192	1.0613	0.30391
0.049266	1.061	0.3031
0.04934	1.0607	0.3023
0.049415	1.0604	0.3015
0.04949	1.06	0.30071
0.049565	1.0597	0.29993
0.04964	1.0593	0.29916
0.049716	1.0589	0.2984
0.049791	1.0585	0.29764
0.049867	1.058	0.2969
0.049944	1.0576	0.29617
0.05002	1.0571	0.29544
0.050097	1.0566	0.29473
0.050174	1.0561	0.29403
0.050251	1.0556	0.29334
0.050328	1.0551	0.29265
0.050406	1.0545	0.29199
0.050484	1.0539	0.29133
0.050562	1.0534	0.29068
0.05064	1.0528	0.29005
0.050719	1.0521	0.28943
0.050798	1.0515	0.28882
0.050877	1.0509	0.28823
0.050956	1.0502	0.28765
0.051036	1.0495	0.28708
0.051115	1.0488	0.28653
0.051195	1.0481	0.28599
0.051276	1.0474	0.28547
0.051356	1.0466	0.28496
0.051437	1.0458	0.28447
0.051518	1.0451	0.28399
0.0516	1.0443	0.28353
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0.23793	1.494	0.027977
0.23968	1.4916	0.028524
0.24145	1.4892	0.029325
0.24324	1.4869	0.030431
0.24507	1.4847	0.03189
0.24692	1.4827	0.033742
0.2488	1.481	0.036002
0.25071	1.4798	0.038642
0.25265	1.4792	0.041572
0.25462	1.4794	0.044627
0.25661	1.4804	0.047575
0.25865	1.4821	0.050157
0.26071	1.4845	0.052144
0.26281	1.4872	0.053398
0.26494	1.49	0.053898
0.2671	1.4926	0.053727
0.2693	1.495	0.053031
0.27154	1.4969	0.051974
0.27381	1.4985	0.050709
0.27613	1.4997	0.049359
0.27848	1.5005	0.048014
0.28087	1.501	0.046735
0.28331	1.5013	0.045562
0.28579	1.5015	0.044518
0.28831	1.5015	0.043618
0.29087	1.5014	0.042867
0.29349	1.5012	0.042269
0.29615	1.501	0.041826
0.29885	1.5007	0.041538
0.30161	1.5005	0.041406
0.30442	1.5003	0.041434
0.30728	1.5001	0.041624
0.3102	1.5	0.04198
0.31317	1.5	0.042506
0.3162	1.5001	0.043206
0.31929	1.5004	0.044079
0.32244	1.5009	0.045122
0.32566	1.5017	0.046322
0.32893	1.5028	0.04765
0.33228	1.5043	0.049056
0.33569	1.5063	0.05046
0.33918	1.5088	0.051739
0.34273	1.5119	0.052727
0.34637	1.5156	0.053221
0.35008	1.5197	0.053002
0.35387	1.524	0.051888
0.35774	1.5281	0.049792
0.3617	1.5318	0.046771
0.36575	1.5348	0.04303
0.36989	1.5368	0.038875
0.37412	1.5378	0.034635
0.37845	1.538	0.030583
0.38289	1.5374	0.026903
0.38743	1.5364	0.023689
0.39207	1.535	0.020959
0.39684	1.5334	0.018688
0.40171	1.5317	0.016825
0.40671	1.5299	0.01531
0.41184	1.5282	0.014084
0.41709	1.5265	0.013093
0.42249	1.5248	0.012291
0.42802	1.5232	0.01164
0.4337	1.5217	0.011107
0.43953	1.5202	0.010667
0.44552	1.5188	0.010298
0.45168	1.5175	0.0099853
0.45801	1.5162	0.009715
0.46452	1.515	0.0094774
0.47122	1.5138	0.0092646
0.47811	1.5127	0.0090706
0.48521	1.5116	0.0088909
0.49253	1.5105	0.0087218
0.50006	1.5095	0.0085607
0.50783	1.5085	0.0084057
0.51585	1.5076	0.0082552
0.52412	1.5067	0.0081081
0.53266	1.5058	0.0079635
0.54149	1.505	0.007821
0.55061	1.5042	0.00768
0.56005	1.5034	0.0075402
0.56981	1.5026	0.0074014
0.57992	1.5019	0.0072634
0.5904	1.5012	0.0071261

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Plot