Optical constants

Refractive index of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes)

El-Sayed et al. 2021: Graphene; n,k 0.24–1.0 µm

Data
tabulated nk
Range
0.24–1 µm
Points
761
Licence
CC0-1.0

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.24–1 µm
Refractive index n
2.76347
Extinction coefficient k
1.50893
Permittivity ε1
5.35989
Permittivity ε2
8.33976
Absorption coefficient α
322699 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
61.9773 nm
Abbe number Vd
—
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
0.58 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
2.42266
Group velocity dispersion
— fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
— ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes): El-Sayed et al. 2021: Graphene; n,k 0.24–1.0 µm
c = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "C", "El-Sayed", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c.range_nm)  # (240, 1000) nm
eps = c.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Broadband optical constants of CVD graphene in the spectral range 240–1000 nm.

References

M. A. El-Sayed, G. A. Ermolaev, K. V. Voronin, R. I. Romanov, G. I. Tselikov, D. I. Yakubovsky, N. V. Doroshina, A. B. Nemtsov, V. R. Solovey, A. A. Voronov, S. M. Novikov, A. A. Vyshnevyy, A. M. Markeev, A. V. Arsenin, V. S. Volkov. Optical constants of chemical vapor deposited graphene for photonic applications, Nanomaterials, 11, 1230 (2021) (Numerical data kindly provided by Georgy Ermolaev)

Cite

M. A. El-Sayed, G. A. Ermolaev, K. V. Voronin, R. I. Romanov, G. I. Tselikov, D. I. Yakubovsky, N. V. Doroshina, A. B. Nemtsov, V. R. Solovey, A. A. Voronov, S. M. Novikov, A. A. Vyshnevyy, A. M. Markeev, A. V. Arsenin, V. S. Volkov. Optical constants of chemical vapor deposited graphene for photonic applications, Nanomaterials, 11, 1230 (2021) (Numerical data kindly provided by Georgy Ermolaev); Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

761 rows as published
C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes), El-Sayed et al. 2021: Graphene; n,k 0.24–1.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)nk
0.241.48052.3484
0.2411.508552.3633
0.2421.540422.37998
0.2431.550112.39735
0.2441.591492.41337
0.2451.632242.42823
0.2461.672342.44229
0.2471.71182.45528
0.2481.750622.46695
0.2491.788812.47737
0.251.826362.48678
0.2511.863282.49585
0.2521.899562.50371
0.2531.935212.51001
0.2541.970232.51481
0.2552.004622.51836
0.2562.038382.52146
0.2572.071512.52313
0.2582.104022.52303
0.2592.13592.52125
0.262.167162.5181
0.2612.19782.51497
0.2622.227822.50988
0.2632.257222.50186
0.2642.2862.49079
0.2652.314162.47702
0.2662.341712.46072
0.2672.368642.44266
0.2682.394962.42378
0.2692.420672.40491
0.272.445772.38668
0.2712.470262.36845
0.2722.494142.35021
0.2732.517412.33198
0.2742.540082.31375
0.2752.562142.29552
0.2762.639222.27865
0.2772.663732.26082
0.2782.686572.24063
0.2792.707792.21751
0.282.727522.19148
0.2812.745892.16234
0.2822.763082.13201
0.2832.77932.10204
0.2842.794792.07353
0.2852.80982.04706
0.2862.823862.02117
0.2872.836951.99654
0.2882.84911.97336
0.2892.860311.95151
0.292.87061.93066
0.2912.879991.91049
0.2922.88851.89138
0.2932.896161.87334
0.2942.903011.85621
0.2952.909071.83969
0.2962.914381.82364
0.2972.918971.8083
0.2982.922881.79368
0.2992.926141.77964
0.32.928811.766
0.3012.93091.75266
0.3022.932471.73978
0.3032.933541.72739
0.3042.934161.7154
0.3052.934351.7037
0.3062.934161.69218
0.3072.933611.681
0.3082.932741.67018
0.3092.931571.65966
0.312.930141.64938
0.3112.928461.63922
0.3122.926571.62934
0.3132.924491.61974
0.3142.922241.6104
0.3152.919831.60125
0.3162.91731.59221
0.3172.914651.5834
0.3182.91191.57484
0.3192.909071.56651
0.322.906171.55835
0.3212.903211.55029
0.3222.900211.54242
0.3232.897171.53479
0.3242.89411.52736
0.3252.891011.5201
0.3262.887911.51292
0.3272.884811.50593
0.3282.88171.49914
0.3292.87861.49256
0.332.875511.48612
0.3312.872421.47975
0.3322.869341.47356
0.3332.866281.46757
0.3342.863221.46175
0.3352.860181.45608
0.3362.857151.45048
0.3372.854121.44503
0.3382.851111.43977
0.3392.848111.43468
0.342.845111.42972
0.3412.842121.42482
0.3422.839151.42007
0.3432.836181.41549
0.3442.833231.41107
0.3452.830281.40676
0.3462.827361.40252
0.3472.824451.39841
0.3482.821571.39447
0.3492.818711.39066
0.352.815871.38696
0.3512.813071.38332
0.3522.81031.3798
0.3532.807571.37643
0.3542.804871.37319
0.3552.802221.37005
0.3562.799611.36696
0.3572.797051.36399
0.3582.794541.36115
0.3592.792081.35843
0.362.789681.35579
0.3612.787321.35321
0.3622.785031.35073
0.3632.782791.34837
0.3642.780611.34612
0.3652.778491.34395
0.3662.776441.34183
0.3672.774441.33981
0.3682.772511.33789
0.3692.770641.33607
0.372.768831.33433
0.3712.767091.33263
0.3722.76541.33101
0.3732.763781.32949
0.3742.762211.32806
0.3752.76071.32671
0.3762.759251.32538
0.3772.757841.32414
0.3782.756481.32299
0.3792.755161.32191
0.382.753881.3209
0.3812.752641.31992
0.3822.751441.31901
0.3832.750261.31819
0.3842.749121.31744
0.3852.747991.31674
0.3862.74691.31607
0.3872.745831.31547
0.3882.744771.31494
0.3892.743741.31448
0.392.742731.31406
0.3912.741741.31368
0.3922.740781.31335
0.3932.739831.31309
0.3942.738911.31289
0.3952.738011.31274
0.3962.737131.3126
0.3972.736271.31252
0.3982.735441.3125
0.3992.734631.31253
0.42.733841.31261
0.4012.733071.31271
0.4022.732331.31285
0.4032.73161.31305
0.4042.73091.31329
0.4052.730221.31358
0.4062.729561.31388
0.4072.728921.31423
0.4082.728291.31462
0.4092.727691.31505
0.412.72711.31552
0.4112.726531.31601
0.4122.725981.31653
0.4132.725451.3171
0.4142.724931.31771
0.4152.724431.31834
0.4162.723951.319
0.4172.723491.31968
0.4182.723041.32041
0.4192.722611.32117
0.422.722191.32196
0.4212.721791.32276
0.4222.72141.32359
0.4232.721031.32446
0.4242.720671.32536
0.4252.720331.32628
0.4262.721.32721
0.4272.719681.32817
0.4282.719381.32917
0.4292.719091.33019
0.432.718821.33123
0.4312.718561.33229
0.4322.718311.33337
0.4332.718071.33447
0.4342.717851.3356
0.4352.717641.33675
0.4362.717441.33791
0.4372.717251.33909
0.4382.717081.3403
0.4392.716911.34153
0.442.716761.34277
0.4412.716621.34402
0.4422.716491.3453
0.4432.716371.34659
0.4442.716261.3479
0.4452.716161.34923
0.4462.716071.35057
0.4472.715991.35193
0.4482.715921.35331
0.4492.715871.3547
0.452.715821.3561
0.4512.715781.35756
0.4522.715751.359
0.4532.715731.36038
0.4542.715711.36168
0.4552.715711.3629
0.4562.715721.36405
0.4572.715731.36516
0.4582.715761.36625
0.4592.715791.36733
0.462.715831.36843
0.4612.715881.36953
0.4622.715931.37063
0.4632.7161.37173
0.4642.716071.37283
0.4652.716151.37393
0.4662.716241.37503
0.4672.716341.37614
0.4682.716441.37724
0.4692.716551.37834
0.472.716671.37944
0.4712.71681.38054
0.4722.716931.38164
0.4732.717071.38274
0.4742.717221.38384
0.4752.717371.38494
0.4762.717531.38604
0.4772.71771.38715
0.4782.717871.38825
0.4792.718051.38935
0.482.718241.39045
0.4812.718431.39155
0.4822.718631.39265
0.4832.718831.39375
0.4842.719041.39485
0.4852.719261.39595
0.4862.719481.39705
0.4872.719711.39816
0.4882.719951.39926
0.4892.720191.40036
0.492.720431.40146
0.4912.720681.40256
0.4922.720941.40366
0.4932.72121.40476
0.4942.721471.40586
0.4952.721741.40696
0.4962.722021.40806
0.4972.72231.40917
0.4982.722591.41027
0.4992.722881.41137
0.52.723181.41247
0.5012.723481.41357
0.5022.723791.41467
0.5032.72411.41577
0.5042.724421.41687
0.5052.724741.41797
0.5062.725071.41907
0.5072.725411.42018
0.5082.725741.42128
0.5092.726081.42238
0.512.726431.42348
0.5112.726781.42458
0.5122.727131.42569
0.5132.727491.42679
0.5142.727851.42789
0.5152.728211.42899
0.5162.728581.43009
0.5172.728961.43119
0.5182.729341.43229
0.5192.729721.43339
0.522.73011.43449
0.5212.730491.43559
0.5222.730891.4367
0.5232.731281.4378
0.5242.731691.4389
0.5252.732091.44
0.5262.73251.4411
0.5272.732911.4422
0.5282.733331.4433
0.5292.733751.4444
0.532.734171.4455
0.5312.73461.4466
0.5322.735031.44771
0.5332.735461.44881
0.5342.73591.44991
0.5352.736341.45101
0.5362.736781.45211
0.5372.737231.45321
0.5382.737681.45431
0.5392.738131.45541
0.542.738581.45651
0.5412.739041.45761
0.5422.739511.45872
0.5432.739971.45982
0.5442.740441.46092
0.5452.740911.46202
0.5462.741391.46312
0.5472.741871.46422
0.5482.742351.46532
0.5492.742831.46642
0.552.743321.46752
0.5512.743811.46862
0.5522.74431.46973
0.5532.74481.47083
0.5542.745291.47193
0.5552.745791.47303
0.5562.74631.47413
0.5572.74681.47523
0.5582.747311.47633
0.5592.747821.47743
0.562.748341.47853
0.5612.748851.47963
0.5622.749371.48074
0.5632.74991.48184
0.5642.750421.48294
0.5652.750951.48404
0.5662.751481.48514
0.5672.752011.48625
0.5682.752541.48735
0.5692.753081.48845
0.572.753621.48955
0.5712.754161.49065
0.5722.75471.49175
0.5732.755251.49285
0.5742.75581.49395
0.5752.756351.49505
0.5762.75691.49615
0.5772.757461.49726
0.5782.758011.49836
0.5792.758571.49946
0.582.759131.50056
0.5812.75971.50166
0.5822.760261.50276
0.5832.760831.50386
0.5842.76141.50496
0.5852.761971.50606
0.5862.762551.50716
0.5872.763121.50827
0.5882.76371.50937
0.5892.764281.51047
0.592.764861.51157
0.5912.765451.51267
0.5922.766031.51377
0.5932.766621.51487
0.5942.767211.51597
0.5952.76781.51707
0.5962.76841.51817
0.5972.768991.51928
0.5982.769591.52038
0.5992.770191.52148
0.62.770791.52258
0.6012.77141.52368
0.6022.7721.52478
0.6032.772611.52588
0.6042.773221.52698
0.6052.773831.52808
0.6062.774441.52918
0.6072.775051.53029
0.6082.775671.53139
0.6092.776281.53249
0.612.77691.53359
0.6112.777521.53469
0.6122.778151.53579
0.6132.778771.53689
0.6142.77941.53799
0.6152.780021.53909
0.6162.780651.54019
0.6172.781281.5413
0.6182.781921.5424
0.6192.782551.5435
0.622.783191.5446
0.6212.783821.5457
0.6222.784461.54681
0.6232.78511.54791
0.6242.785741.54901
0.6252.786391.55011
0.6262.787031.55121
0.6272.787681.55231
0.6282.788321.55341
0.6292.788971.55451
0.632.789621.55561
0.6312.790271.55671
0.6322.790931.55782
0.6332.791581.55892
0.6342.792241.56002
0.6352.792891.56112
0.6362.793551.56222
0.6372.794211.56332
0.6382.794871.56442
0.6392.795541.56552
0.642.79621.56662
0.6412.796871.56772
0.6422.797531.56883
0.6432.79821.56993
0.6442.798871.57103
0.6452.799541.57213
0.6462.800211.57323
0.6472.800881.57433
0.6482.801561.57543
0.6492.802231.57653
0.652.802911.57763
0.6512.803591.57873
0.6522.804271.57984
0.6532.804951.58094
0.6542.805631.58204
0.6552.806311.58314
0.6562.8071.58424
0.6572.807681.58534
0.6582.808371.58644
0.6592.809061.58754
0.662.809751.58864
0.6612.810441.58974
0.6622.811131.59085
0.6632.811821.59195
0.6642.812521.59305
0.6652.813211.59415
0.6662.813911.59525
0.6672.81461.59635
0.6682.81531.59745
0.6692.8161.59855
0.672.81671.59965
0.6712.81741.60075
0.6722.81811.60186
0.6732.818811.60296
0.6742.819511.60406
0.6752.820221.60516
0.6762.820921.60626
0.6772.821631.60737
0.6782.822341.60847
0.6792.823051.60957
0.682.823761.61067
0.6812.824471.61177
0.6822.825181.61287
0.6832.82591.61397
0.6842.826611.61507
0.6852.827331.61617
0.6862.828041.61727
0.6872.828761.61838
0.6882.829481.61948
0.6892.83021.62058
0.692.830921.62168
0.6912.831641.62278
0.6922.832361.62388
0.6932.833081.62498
0.6942.833811.62608
0.6952.834531.62718
0.6962.835261.62828
0.6972.835981.62939
0.6982.836711.63049
0.6992.837441.63159
0.72.838171.63269
0.7012.83891.63379
0.7022.839631.63489
0.7032.840361.63599
0.7042.84111.63709
0.7052.841831.63819
0.7062.842571.63929
0.7072.84331.6404
0.7082.844041.6415
0.7092.844781.6426
0.712.845511.6437
0.7112.846251.6448
0.7122.846991.6459
0.7132.847731.647
0.7142.848481.6481
0.7152.849221.6492
0.7162.849961.6503
0.7172.85071.65141
0.7182.851451.65251
0.7192.852191.65361
0.722.852941.65471
0.7212.853691.65581
0.7222.854431.65691
0.7232.855181.65801
0.7242.855931.65911
0.7252.856681.66021
0.7262.857431.66131
0.7272.858181.66242
0.7282.858931.66352
0.7292.859681.66462
0.732.860441.66572
0.7312.861191.66682
0.7322.861951.66793
0.7332.86271.66903
0.7342.863461.67013
0.7352.864221.67123
0.7362.864971.67233
0.7372.865731.67343
0.7382.866491.67453
0.7392.867251.67563
0.742.868011.67673
0.7412.868771.67783
0.7422.869541.67894
0.7432.87031.68004
0.7442.871061.68114
0.7452.871831.68224
0.7462.872591.68334
0.7472.873361.68444
0.7482.874121.68554
0.7492.874891.68664
0.752.875661.68774
0.7512.876421.68884
0.7522.877191.68995
0.7532.877961.69105
0.7542.878731.69215
0.7552.87951.69325
0.7562.880271.69435
0.7572.881041.69545
0.7582.881811.69655
0.7592.882581.69765
0.762.883361.69875
0.7612.884131.69985
0.7622.884911.70096
0.7632.885681.70206
0.7642.886461.70316
0.7652.887241.70426
0.7662.888011.70536
0.7672.888791.70646
0.7682.889571.70756
0.7692.890351.70866
0.772.891131.70976
0.7712.891911.71086
0.7722.892691.71197
0.7732.893471.71307
0.7742.894251.71417
0.7752.895031.71527
0.7762.895821.71637
0.7772.89661.71748
0.7782.897381.71858
0.7792.898171.71968
0.782.898951.72078
0.7812.899741.72188
0.7822.900521.72298
0.7832.901311.72408
0.7842.90211.72518
0.7852.902891.72628
0.7862.903671.72738
0.7872.904461.72849
0.7882.905251.72959
0.7892.906041.73069
0.792.906831.73179
0.7912.907621.73289
0.7922.908411.73399
0.7932.90921.73509
0.7942.909991.73619
0.7952.910781.73729
0.7962.911581.73839
0.7972.912371.7395
0.7982.913161.7406
0.7992.913961.7417
0.82.914751.7428
0.8012.915551.7439
0.8022.916341.745
0.8032.917141.7461
0.8042.917931.7472
0.8052.918731.7483
0.8062.919531.7494
0.8072.920321.75051
0.8082.921121.75161
0.8092.921921.75271
0.812.922721.75381
0.8112.923521.75491
0.8122.924321.75601
0.8132.925121.75711
0.8142.925921.75821
0.8152.926721.75931
0.8162.927531.76041
0.8172.928331.76152
0.8182.929131.76262
0.8192.929931.76372
0.822.930741.76482
0.8212.931541.76592
0.8222.932351.76702
0.8232.933151.76812
0.8242.933961.76922
0.8252.934761.77032
0.8262.935571.77142
0.8272.936371.77253
0.8282.937181.77363
0.8292.937991.77473
0.832.93881.77583
0.8312.93961.77693
0.8322.940411.77804
0.8332.941221.77914
0.8342.942031.78024
0.8352.942841.78134
0.8362.943651.78244
0.8372.944461.78354
0.8382.945271.78464
0.8392.946081.78574
0.842.946891.78684
0.8412.947711.78794
0.8422.948521.78905
0.8432.949331.79015
0.8442.950141.79125
0.8452.950961.79235
0.8462.951771.79345
0.8472.952581.79455
0.8482.95341.79565
0.8492.954211.79675
0.852.955031.79785
0.8512.955841.79895
0.8522.956661.80006
0.8532.957471.80116
0.8542.958291.80226
0.8552.959111.80336
0.8562.959921.80446
0.8572.960741.80556
0.8582.961561.80666
0.8592.962381.80776
0.862.963191.80886
0.8612.964011.80996
0.8622.964831.81107
0.8632.965651.81217
0.8642.966471.81327
0.8652.967291.81437
0.8662.968111.81547
0.8672.968941.81657
0.8682.969761.81767
0.8692.970581.81877
0.872.97141.81987
0.8712.972221.82097
0.8722.973041.82208
0.8732.973861.82318
0.8742.974691.82428
0.8752.975511.82538
0.8762.976331.82648
0.8772.977161.82758
0.8782.977981.82868
0.8792.978811.82978
0.882.979631.83088
0.8812.980461.83198
0.8822.981281.83309
0.8832.982111.83419
0.8842.982941.83529
0.8852.983761.83639
0.8862.984591.83749
0.8872.985411.8386
0.8882.986241.8397
0.8892.987071.8408
0.892.98791.8419
0.8912.988721.843
0.8922.989551.8441
0.8932.990381.8452
0.8942.991211.8463
0.8952.992041.8474
0.8962.992861.8485
0.8972.993691.84961
0.8982.994521.85071
0.8992.995351.85181
0.92.996181.85291
0.9012.997011.85401
0.9022.997841.85511
0.9032.998671.85621
0.9042.99951.85731
0.9053.000331.85841
0.9063.001171.85951
0.9073.0021.86062
0.9083.002831.86172
0.9093.003661.86282
0.913.004491.86392
0.9113.005331.86502
0.9123.006161.86612
0.9133.006991.86722
0.9143.007831.86832
0.9153.008661.86942
0.9163.009491.87052
0.9173.010331.87163
0.9183.011161.87273
0.9193.0121.87383
0.923.012831.87493
0.9213.013671.87603
0.9223.01451.87713
0.9233.015341.87823
0.9243.016181.87933
0.9253.017011.88043
0.9263.017851.88153
0.9273.018681.88264
0.9283.019521.88374
0.9293.020351.88484
0.933.021191.88594
0.9313.022031.88704
0.9323.022871.88814
0.9333.02371.88924
0.9343.024541.89034
0.9353.025381.89144
0.9363.026221.89254
0.9373.027061.89365
0.9383.02791.89475
0.9393.028741.89585
0.943.029571.89695
0.9413.030411.89805
0.9423.031251.89916
0.9433.032091.90026
0.9443.032931.90136
0.9453.033771.90246
0.9463.034611.90356
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0.9483.036291.90576
0.9493.037131.90686
0.953.037971.90796
0.9513.038821.90906
0.9523.039661.91017
0.9533.04051.91127
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0.9553.042181.91347
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0.9573.043871.91567
0.9583.044711.91677
0.9593.045551.91787
0.963.046391.91897
0.9613.047241.92007
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0.9643.049771.92338
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0.9663.051451.92558
0.9673.05231.92668
0.9683.053141.92778
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0.973.054831.92999
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0.9723.056521.93219
0.9733.057371.9333
0.9743.058221.9344
0.9753.059061.93551
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0.9773.060761.93772
0.9783.06161.93882
0.9793.062451.93993
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0.9813.064151.94214
0.9823.064991.94324
0.9833.065841.94435
0.9843.066691.94545
0.9853.067531.94656
0.9863.068381.94766
0.9873.069231.94877
0.9883.070071.94987
0.9893.070921.95098
0.993.071771.95208
0.9913.072611.95319
0.9923.073461.95429
0.9933.074311.9554
0.9943.075151.9565
0.9953.0761.95761
0.9963.076851.95871
0.9973.07771.95982
0.9983.078541.96092
0.9993.079391.96092
1.03.080241.96092

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—