Optical constants

Refractive index of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes)

Peter 1923: Diamond; n 0.226–0.760 µm

Data
formula 1
Range
0.226–0.76 µm
Licence
CC0-1.0

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.226–0.76 µm
Refractive index n
2.41748
Extinction coefficient k
0
Permittivity ε1
5.84421
Permittivity ε2
0
Absorption coefficient α
0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
— nm
Abbe number Vd
55.301
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
-0.130975 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
2.49444
Group velocity dispersion
252.341 fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
-1376.65 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes): Peter 1923: Diamond; n 0.226–0.760 µm
c = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "C", "Peter", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c.range_nm)  # (226, 760) nm
eps = c.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm
n2−1=0.3306λ2λ2−0.1752+4.3356λ2λ2−0.1062

Valid from 0.226 to 0.76 µm.

Coefficients as stored
CiValue
C10.0
C20.3306
C30.175
C44.3356
C50.106

Comments and conditions

Cubic carbon (diamond). Room temperature; no temperature effect on refractive index was observed in the temperature interval 10 - 30 °C

References

F. Peter. Über Brechungsindizes und Absorptionskonstanten des Diamanten zwischen 644 und 226 mμ. Zeitschrift für Physik 15, 358-368 (1923)
  • doi:10.1007/bf01330487 �ber Brechungsindizes und Absorptionskonstanten des Diamanten zwischen 644 und 226 m?, Zeitschrift f�r Physik (1923)

Cite

Fritz Peter. �ber Brechungsindizes und Absorptionskonstanten des Diamanten zwischen 644 und 226 m?. Zeitschrift f�r Physik, 15, 358-368 (1923), doi:10.1007/bf01330487; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library
C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes), Peter 1923: Diamond; n 0.226–0.760 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)n
0.2262.717357
0.2266882.714244
0.2273782.711176
0.228072.708152
0.2287652.705171
0.2294612.702233
0.2301592.699335
0.230862.696478
0.2315632.693659
0.2322682.690879
0.2329752.688136
0.2336842.68543
0.2343952.682759
0.2351092.680123
0.2358252.677521
0.2365432.674952
0.2372632.672415
0.2379852.669911
0.2387092.667438
0.2394362.664995
0.2401652.662582
0.2408962.660199
0.2416292.657844
0.2423652.655518
0.2431032.653219
0.2438432.650947
0.2445852.648702
0.245332.646483
0.2460772.64429
0.2468262.642121
0.2475772.639978
0.2483312.637858
0.2490872.635762
0.2498452.63369
0.2506052.63164
0.2513682.629613
0.2521342.627609
0.2529012.625626
0.2536712.623664
0.2544432.621723
0.2552182.619803
0.2559952.617904
0.2567742.616025
0.2575562.614165
0.258342.612324
0.2591262.610503
0.2599152.608701
0.2607062.606917
0.26152.605151
0.2622962.603403
0.2630942.601673
0.2638952.59996
0.2646992.598264
0.2655042.596585
0.2663132.594923
0.2671232.593277
0.2679372.591648
0.2687522.590034
0.269572.588436
0.2703912.586853
0.2712142.585286
0.272042.583734
0.2728682.582196
0.2736982.580673
0.2745322.579165
0.2753672.577671
0.2762062.576191
0.2770462.574724
0.277892.573272
0.2787362.571833
0.2795842.570407
0.2804352.568994
0.2812892.567595
0.2821452.566208
0.2830042.564833
0.2838662.563472
0.284732.562122
0.2855972.560785
0.2864662.55946
0.2873382.558146
0.2882132.556844
0.289092.555554
0.289972.554276
0.2908532.553008
0.2917382.551752
0.2926272.550507
0.2935172.549273
0.2944112.548049
0.2953072.546836
0.2962062.545634
0.2971082.544442
0.2980122.54326
0.2989192.542088
0.2998292.540927
0.3007422.539775
0.3016582.538633
0.3025762.537501
0.3034972.536379
0.3044212.535266
0.3053482.534162
0.3062772.533068
0.307212.531983
0.3081452.530906
0.3090832.529839
0.3100242.528781
0.3109682.527731
0.3119142.52669
0.3128642.525658
0.3138162.524634
0.3147712.523619
0.315732.522612
0.3166912.521613
0.3176552.520623
0.3186222.51964
0.3195922.518665
0.3205652.517699
0.3215412.51674
0.3225192.515788
0.3235012.514845
0.3244862.513909
0.3254742.51298
0.3264652.512059
0.3274582.511145
0.3284552.510239
0.3294552.50934
0.3304582.508447
0.3314642.507562
0.3324732.506684
0.3334852.505813
0.33452.504949
0.3355192.504091
0.336542.50324
0.3375642.502396
0.3385922.501558
0.3396232.500727
0.3406572.499902
0.3416942.499084
0.3427342.498272
0.3437772.497466
0.3448242.496667
0.3458732.495874
0.3469262.495086
0.3479822.494305
0.3490422.49353
0.3501042.492761
0.351172.491997
0.3522392.49124
0.3533112.490488
0.3543872.489742
0.3554662.489001
0.3565482.488266
0.3576332.487537
0.3587222.486813
0.3598142.486095
0.3609092.485382
0.3620082.484674
0.363112.483972
0.3642152.483275
0.3653242.482583
0.3664362.481896
0.3675522.481215
0.3686712.480538
0.3697932.479867
0.3709192.4792
0.3720482.478538
0.373182.477882
0.3743162.47723
0.3754562.476583
0.3765992.475941
0.3777452.475303
0.3788952.47467
0.3800492.474042
0.3812062.473418
0.3823662.472799
0.383532.472185
0.3846982.471575
0.3858692.470969
0.3870432.470368
0.3882222.469771
0.3894032.469178
0.3905892.46859
0.3917782.468006
0.392972.467426
0.3941672.466851
0.3953672.466279
0.396572.465712
0.3977772.465149
0.3989882.46459
0.4002032.464035
0.4014212.463483
0.4026432.462936
0.4038692.462393
0.4050982.461853
0.4063322.461318
0.4075692.460786
0.4088092.460258
0.4100542.459734
0.4113022.459213
0.4125542.458697
0.413812.458183
0.415072.457674
0.4163332.457168
0.4176012.456666
0.4188722.456167
0.4201472.455672
0.4214262.45518
0.4227092.454691
0.4239962.454207
0.4252862.453725
0.4265812.453247
0.427882.452772
0.4291822.452301
0.4304892.451833
0.4317992.451368
0.4331142.450906
0.4344322.450448
0.4357552.449992
0.4370812.44954
0.4384122.449091
0.4397462.448646
0.4410852.448203
0.4424282.447763
0.4437752.447327
0.4451262.446893
0.4464812.446463
0.447842.446035
0.4492032.445611
0.450572.445189
0.4519422.44477
0.4533182.444354
0.4546982.443941
0.4560822.443531
0.457472.443123
0.4588632.442719
0.460262.442317
0.4616612.441918
0.4630662.441522
0.4644762.441128
0.465892.440737
0.4673082.440349
0.4687312.439963
0.4701582.43958
0.4715892.4392
0.4730252.438822
0.4744652.438447
0.4759092.438074
0.4773582.437704
0.4788112.437336
0.4802682.436971
0.481732.436609
0.4831972.436248
0.4846682.435891
0.4861432.435535
0.4876232.435182
0.4891082.434832
0.4905972.434484
0.492092.434138
0.4935882.433794
0.4950912.433453
0.4965982.433114
0.498112.432778
0.4996262.432443
0.5011472.432111
0.5026722.431781
0.5042032.431454
0.5057372.431128
0.5072772.430805
0.5088212.430484
0.510372.430165
0.5119242.429848
0.5134822.429533
0.5150452.42922
0.5166132.42891
0.5181862.428601
0.5197632.428295
0.5213462.427991
0.5229332.427688
0.5245252.427388
0.5261212.42709
0.5277232.426793
0.5293292.426499
0.5309412.426206
0.5325572.425916
0.5341782.425627
0.5358042.425341
0.5374362.425056
0.5390722.424773
0.5407132.424492
0.5423592.424213
0.544012.423935
0.5456662.42366
0.5473272.423386
0.5489932.423114
0.5506642.422844
0.5523412.422576
0.5540222.422309
0.5557092.422045
0.55742.421782
0.5590972.42152
0.5607992.421261
0.5625062.421003
0.5642192.420747
0.5659362.420492
0.5676592.420239
0.5693872.419988
0.571122.419739
0.5728592.419491
0.5746032.419244
0.5763522.419
0.5781072.418757
0.5798662.418515
0.5816322.418275
0.5834022.418037
0.5851782.4178
0.586962.417565
0.5887462.417331
0.5905392.417099
0.5923362.416868
0.594142.416639
0.5959482.416411
0.5977622.416185
0.5995822.415961
0.6014072.415737
0.6032382.415515
0.6050752.415295
0.6069162.415076
0.6087642.414859
0.6106172.414642
0.6124762.414428
0.6143412.414214
0.6162112.414002
0.6180872.413792
0.6199682.413583
0.6218552.413375
0.6237482.413168
0.6256472.412963
0.6275522.412759
0.6294622.412557
0.6313782.412355
0.63332.412155
0.6352282.411957
0.6371622.411759
0.6391022.411563
0.6410472.411369
0.6429992.411175
0.6449562.410983
0.646922.410792
0.6488892.410602
0.6508642.410413
0.6528462.410226
0.6548332.410039
0.6568262.409854
0.6588262.40967
0.6608312.409488
0.6628432.409306
0.6648612.409126
0.6668852.408947
0.6689152.408769
0.6709512.408592
0.6729942.408416
0.6750432.408242
0.6770972.408068
0.6791592.407896
0.6812262.407724
0.68332.407554
0.685382.407385
0.6874662.407217
0.6895592.40705
0.6916582.406884
0.6937642.406719
0.6958762.406555
0.6979942.406393
0.7001192.406231
0.702252.40607
0.7043882.405911
0.7065322.405752
0.7086832.405594
0.7108412.405438
0.7130042.405282
0.7151752.405128
0.7173522.404974
0.7195362.404821
0.7217262.40467
0.7239232.404519
0.7261272.404369
0.7283382.40422
0.7305552.404072
0.7327792.403925
0.7350092.403779
0.7372472.403634
0.7394912.40349
0.7417422.403347
0.7442.403205
0.7462652.403063
0.7485372.402923
0.7508162.402783
0.7531012.402644
0.7553942.402506
0.7576932.402369
0.762.402233

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—