Optical constants

Refractive index of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes)

Song et al. 2018: c-HOPG; n(e) 0.193–1.69 µm

Data
tabulated n
Range
0.193–1.69 µm
Points
1084
Optical axis
e
State
crystalline
Licence
CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.193–1.69 µm
Refractive index n
1.43423
Extinction coefficient k
0
Permittivity ε1
2.05703
Permittivity ε2
0
Absorption coefficient α
0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
— nm
Abbe number Vd
—
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
-0.087 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
1.48535
Group velocity dispersion
— fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
— ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes): Song et al. 2018: c-HOPG; n(e) 0.193–1.69 µm
c = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "C", "Song-cHOPG-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c.range_nm)  # (193, 1690) nm
eps = c.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Bulk. c-plane (c-HOPG). Extraordinary ray (e).

Conditions

direction
e

References

B. Song, H. Gu, S. Zhu, H. Jiang, X. Chen, C. Zhang, S. Liu. Broadband optical properties of graphene and HOPG investigated by spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry. Appl. Surf. Sci 439, 1079-1087 (2018) (Numerical data kindly provided by Baokun Song)
  • doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.051 Broadband optical properties of graphene and HOPG investigated by spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry, Applied Surface Science (2018)

Cite

Baokun Song et al.. Broadband optical properties of graphene and HOPG investigated by spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry. Applied Surface Science, 439, 1079-1087 (2018), doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.051; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

1084 rows as published
C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes), Song et al. 2018: c-HOPG; n(e) 0.193–1.69 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)n
0.1932.077442
0.1942.065107
0.1952.053074
0.1962.041333
0.1972.029876
0.1982.018694
0.1992.00778
0.21.997125
0.2011.986722
0.2021.976564
0.2031.966644
0.2041.956955
0.2051.94749
0.2061.938244
0.2071.929209
0.2081.92038
0.2091.911752
0.211.903318
0.2111.895074
0.2121.887014
0.2131.879133
0.2141.871426
0.2151.863889
0.2161.856517
0.2171.849305
0.2181.84225
0.2191.835347
0.221.828592
0.2211.821981
0.2221.815511
0.2231.809178
0.2241.802978
0.2251.796908
0.2261.790964
0.2271.785144
0.2281.779443
0.2291.77386
0.231.768391
0.2311.763034
0.2321.757785
0.2331.752641
0.2341.747601
0.2351.742662
0.2361.737821
0.2371.733075
0.2381.728423
0.2391.723863
0.241.719391
0.2411.715006
0.2421.710706
0.2431.706489
0.2441.702352
0.2451.698295
0.2461.694314
0.2471.690409
0.2481.686578
0.2491.682818
0.251.679128
0.2511.675507
0.2521.671953
0.2531.668464
0.2541.665039
0.2551.661677
0.2561.658376
0.2571.655134
0.2581.651951
0.2591.648825
0.261.645755
0.2611.64274
0.2621.639778
0.2631.636868
0.2641.634009
0.2651.6312
0.2661.628441
0.2671.625729
0.2681.623064
0.2691.620444
0.271.61787
0.2711.615339
0.2721.612852
0.2731.610407
0.2741.608002
0.2751.605638
0.2761.603314
0.2771.601028
0.2781.59878
0.2791.59657
0.281.594395
0.2811.592257
0.2821.590153
0.2831.588083
0.2841.586047
0.2851.584043
0.2861.582072
0.2871.580132
0.2881.578224
0.2891.576345
0.291.574496
0.2911.572676
0.2921.570885
0.2931.569122
0.2941.567386
0.2951.565677
0.2961.563995
0.2971.562338
0.2981.560707
0.2991.559101
0.31.557518
0.3011.555961
0.3021.554426
0.3031.552915
0.3041.551426
0.3051.549959
0.3061.548515
0.3071.547091
0.3081.545689
0.3091.544307
0.311.542946
0.3111.541604
0.3121.540282
0.3131.538979
0.3141.537695
0.3151.536429
0.3161.535182
0.3171.533952
0.3181.53274
0.3191.531545
0.321.530366
0.3211.529205
0.3221.528059
0.3231.52693
0.3241.525816
0.3251.524718
0.3261.523635
0.3271.522567
0.3281.521514
0.3291.520475
0.331.51945
0.3311.518439
0.3321.517442
0.3331.516458
0.3341.515487
0.3351.51453
0.3361.513585
0.3371.512653
0.3381.511733
0.3391.510825
0.341.509929
0.3411.509045
0.3421.508173
0.3431.507312
0.3441.506462
0.3451.505623
0.3461.504795
0.3471.503977
0.3481.50317
0.3491.502374
0.351.501587
0.3511.500811
0.3521.500044
0.3531.499287
0.3541.498539
0.3551.497801
0.3561.497072
0.3571.496352
0.3581.495641
0.3591.494939
0.361.494245
0.3611.49356
0.3621.492883
0.3631.492215
0.3641.491555
0.3651.490902
0.3661.490258
0.3671.489621
0.3681.488992
0.3691.488371
0.371.487756
0.3711.48715
0.3721.48655
0.3731.485958
0.3741.485372
0.3751.484793
0.3761.484221
0.3771.483656
0.3781.483097
0.3791.482545
0.381.481999
0.3811.48146
0.3821.480926
0.3831.480399
0.3841.479878
0.3851.479362
0.3861.478853
0.3871.478349
0.3881.477851
0.3891.477359
0.391.476872
0.3911.47639
0.3921.475914
0.3931.475443
0.3941.474978
0.3951.474517
0.3961.474062
0.3971.473611
0.3981.473166
0.3991.472725
0.41.472289
0.4011.471858
0.4021.471431
0.4031.471009
0.4041.470592
0.4051.470179
0.4061.469771
0.4071.469367
0.4081.468967
0.4091.468571
0.411.468179
0.4111.467792
0.4121.467409
0.4131.46703
0.4141.466654
0.4151.466283
0.4161.465915
0.4171.465551
0.4181.465191
0.4191.464835
0.421.464482
0.4211.464133
0.4221.463788
0.4231.463446
0.4241.463107
0.4251.462772
0.4261.46244
0.4271.462112
0.4281.461787
0.4291.461465
0.431.461146
0.4311.460831
0.4321.460518
0.4331.460209
0.4341.459903
0.4351.4596
0.4361.459299
0.4371.459002
0.4381.458708
0.4391.458416
0.441.458127
0.4411.457841
0.4421.457558
0.4431.457278
0.4441.457
0.4451.456725
0.4461.456452
0.4471.456182
0.4481.455915
0.4491.45565
0.451.455388
0.4511.455128
0.4521.45487
0.4531.454615
0.4541.454363
0.4551.454112
0.4561.453864
0.4571.453619
0.4581.453375
0.4591.453134
0.461.452895
0.4611.452658
0.4621.452424
0.4631.452191
0.4641.451961
0.4651.451733
0.4661.451506
0.4671.451282
0.4681.45106
0.4691.45084
0.471.450621
0.4711.450405
0.4721.450191
0.4731.449978
0.4741.449768
0.4751.449559
0.4761.449352
0.4771.449147
0.4781.448944
0.4791.448742
0.481.448543
0.4811.448345
0.4821.448148
0.4831.447954
0.4841.447761
0.4851.44757
0.4861.44738
0.4871.447192
0.4881.447006
0.4891.446821
0.491.446638
0.4911.446456
0.4921.446276
0.4931.446097
0.4941.44592
0.4951.445744
0.4961.44557
0.4971.445398
0.4981.445226
0.4991.445056
0.51.444888
0.5011.444721
0.5021.444555
0.5031.444391
0.5041.444228
0.5051.444066
0.5061.443906
0.5071.443747
0.5081.443589
0.5091.443433
0.511.443278
0.5111.443124
0.5121.442971
0.5131.44282
0.5141.442669
0.5151.44252
0.5161.442373
0.5171.442226
0.5181.44208
0.5191.441936
0.521.441793
0.5211.441651
0.5221.44151
0.5231.44137
0.5241.441231
0.5251.441093
0.5261.440957
0.5271.440821
0.5281.440687
0.5291.440553
0.531.440421
0.5311.440289
0.5321.440159
0.5331.440029
0.5341.439901
0.5351.439774
0.5361.439647
0.5371.439521
0.5381.439397
0.5391.439273
0.541.439151
0.5411.439029
0.5421.438908
0.5431.438788
0.5441.438669
0.5451.438551
0.5461.438433
0.5471.438317
0.5481.438201
0.5491.438087
0.551.437973
0.5511.43786
0.5521.437747
0.5531.437636
0.5541.437526
0.5551.437416
0.5561.437307
0.5571.437199
0.5581.437091
0.5591.436985
0.561.436879
0.5611.436774
0.5621.436669
0.5631.436566
0.5641.436463
0.5651.436361
0.5661.436259
0.5671.436159
0.5681.436059
0.5691.435959
0.571.435861
0.5711.435763
0.5721.435666
0.5731.435569
0.5741.435473
0.5751.435378
0.5761.435284
0.5771.43519
0.5781.435097
0.5791.435004
0.581.434912
0.5811.434821
0.5821.43473
0.5831.43464
0.5841.434551
0.5851.434462
0.5861.434374
0.5871.434286
0.5881.434199
0.5891.434112
0.591.434027
0.5911.433941
0.5921.433857
0.5931.433773
0.5941.433689
0.5951.433606
0.5961.433524
0.5971.433442
0.5981.43336
0.5991.433279
0.61.433199
0.6011.433119
0.6021.43304
0.6031.432961
0.6041.432883
0.6051.432805
0.6061.432728
0.6071.432652
0.6081.432575
0.6091.4325
0.611.432424
0.6111.43235
0.6121.432276
0.6131.432202
0.6141.432128
0.6151.432056
0.6161.431983
0.6171.431911
0.6181.43184
0.6191.431769
0.621.431698
0.6211.431628
0.6221.431559
0.6231.43149
0.6241.431421
0.6251.431352
0.6261.431285
0.6271.431217
0.6281.43115
0.6291.431083
0.631.431017
0.6311.430951
0.6321.430886
0.6331.430821
0.6341.430756
0.6351.430692
0.6361.430628
0.6371.430565
0.6381.430502
0.6391.430439
0.641.430377
0.6411.430315
0.6421.430254
0.6431.430192
0.6441.430132
0.6451.430071
0.6461.430011
0.6471.429951
0.6481.429892
0.6491.429833
0.651.429775
0.6511.429716
0.6521.429658
0.6531.429601
0.6541.429544
0.6551.429487
0.6561.42943
0.6571.429374
0.6581.429318
0.6591.429262
0.661.429207
0.6611.429152
0.6621.429098
0.6631.429043
0.6641.428989
0.6651.428936
0.6661.428882
0.6671.428829
0.6681.428777
0.6691.428724
0.671.428672
0.6711.42862
0.6721.428569
0.6731.428518
0.6741.428467
0.6751.428416
0.6761.428366
0.6771.428316
0.6781.428266
0.6791.428216
0.681.428167
0.6811.428118
0.6821.428069
0.6831.428021
0.6841.427973
0.6851.427925
0.6861.427878
0.6871.42783
0.6881.427783
0.6891.427736
0.691.42769
0.6911.427644
0.6921.427597
0.6931.427552
0.6941.427506
0.6951.427461
0.6961.427416
0.6971.427371
0.6981.427327
0.6991.427282
0.71.427238
0.7011.427194
0.7021.427151
0.7031.427108
0.7041.427064
0.7051.427022
0.7061.426979
0.7071.426937
0.7081.426894
0.7091.426852
0.711.426811
0.7111.426769
0.7121.426728
0.7131.426687
0.7141.426646
0.7151.426605
0.7161.426565
0.7171.426525
0.7181.426485
0.7191.426445
0.721.426405
0.7211.426366
0.7221.426327
0.7231.426288
0.7241.426249
0.7251.426211
0.7261.426172
0.7271.426134
0.7281.426096
0.7291.426058
0.731.426021
0.7311.425984
0.7321.425946
0.7331.425909
0.7341.425873
0.7351.425836
0.7361.4258
0.7371.425763
0.7381.425727
0.7391.425691
0.741.425656
0.7411.42562
0.7421.425585
0.7431.42555
0.7441.425515
0.7451.42548
0.7461.425445
0.7471.425411
0.7481.425377
0.7491.425343
0.751.425309
0.7511.425275
0.7521.425241
0.7531.425208
0.7541.425175
0.7551.425142
0.7561.425109
0.7571.425076
0.7581.425043
0.7591.425011
0.761.424979
0.7611.424947
0.7621.424915
0.7631.424883
0.7641.424851
0.7651.42482
0.7661.424788
0.7671.424757
0.7681.424726
0.7691.424695
0.771.424664
0.7711.424634
0.7721.424603
0.7731.424573
0.7741.424543
0.7751.424513
0.7761.424483
0.7771.424453
0.7781.424424
0.7791.424394
0.781.424365
0.7811.424336
0.7821.424307
0.7831.424278
0.7841.424249
0.7851.424221
0.7861.424192
0.7871.424164
0.7881.424136
0.7891.424107
0.791.42408
0.7911.424052
0.7921.424024
0.7931.423996
0.7941.423969
0.7951.423942
0.7961.423915
0.7971.423887
0.7981.423861
0.7991.423834
0.81.423807
0.8011.423781
0.8021.423754
0.8031.423728
0.8041.423702
0.8051.423676
0.8061.42365
0.8071.423624
0.8081.423598
0.8091.423573
0.811.423547
0.8111.423522
0.8121.423496
0.8131.423471
0.8141.423446
0.8151.423421
0.8161.423396
0.8171.423372
0.8181.423347
0.8191.423323
0.821.423298
0.8211.423274
0.8221.42325
0.8231.423226
0.8241.423202
0.8251.423178
0.8261.423155
0.8271.423131
0.8281.423107
0.8291.423084
0.831.423061
0.8311.423038
0.8321.423014
0.8331.422992
0.8341.422969
0.8351.422946
0.8361.422923
0.8371.4229
0.8381.422878
0.8391.422856
0.841.422833
0.8411.422811
0.8421.422789
0.8431.422767
0.8441.422745
0.8451.422723
0.8461.422701
0.8471.42268
0.8481.422658
0.8491.422637
0.851.422616
0.8511.422594
0.8521.422573
0.8531.422552
0.8541.422531
0.8551.42251
0.8561.422489
0.8571.422469
0.8581.422448
0.8591.422427
0.861.422407
0.8611.422387
0.8621.422366
0.8631.422346
0.8641.422326
0.8651.422306
0.8661.422286
0.8671.422266
0.8681.422246
0.8691.422226
0.871.422207
0.8711.422187
0.8721.422168
0.8731.422148
0.8741.422129
0.8751.42211
0.8761.422091
0.8771.422072
0.8781.422053
0.8791.422034
0.881.422015
0.8811.421996
0.8821.421978
0.8831.421959
0.8841.42194
0.8851.421922
0.8861.421903
0.8871.421885
0.8881.421867
0.8891.421849
0.891.421831
0.8911.421813
0.8921.421795
0.8931.421777
0.8941.421759
0.8951.421741
0.8961.421724
0.8971.421706
0.8981.421689
0.8991.421671
0.91.421654
0.9011.421637
0.9021.421619
0.9031.421602
0.9041.421585
0.9051.421568
0.9061.421551
0.9071.421534
0.9081.421517
0.9091.421501
0.911.421484
0.9111.421467
0.9121.421451
0.9131.421434
0.9141.421418
0.9151.421401
0.9161.421385
0.9171.421369
0.9181.421353
0.9191.421337
0.921.42132
0.9211.421304
0.9221.421288
0.9231.421273
0.9241.421257
0.9251.421241
0.9261.421225
0.9271.42121
0.9281.421194
0.9291.421179
0.931.421163
0.9311.421148
0.9321.421133
0.9331.421117
0.9341.421102
0.9351.421087
0.9361.421072
0.9371.421057
0.9381.421042
0.9391.421027
0.941.421012
0.9411.420997
0.9421.420982
0.9431.420968
0.9441.420953
0.9451.420938
0.9461.420924
0.9471.420909
0.9481.420895
0.9491.420881
0.951.420866
0.9511.420852
0.9521.420838
0.9531.420824
0.9541.42081
0.9551.420795
0.9561.420781
0.9571.420768
0.9581.420754
0.9591.42074
0.961.420726
0.9611.420712
0.9621.420699
0.9631.420685
0.9641.420671
0.9651.420658
0.9661.420644
0.9671.420631
0.9681.420617
0.9691.420604
0.971.420591
0.9711.420577
0.9721.420564
0.9731.420551
0.9741.420538
0.9751.420525
0.9761.420512
0.9771.420499
0.9781.420486
0.9791.420473
0.981.42046
0.9811.420447
0.9821.420435
0.9831.420422
0.9841.420409
0.9851.420397
0.9861.420384
0.9871.420372
0.9881.420359
0.9891.420347
0.991.420334
0.9911.420322
0.9921.42031
0.9931.420298
0.9941.420285
0.9951.420273
0.9961.420261
0.9971.420249
0.9981.420237
0.9991.420225
1.01.420213
1.00251.420183
1.0051.420154
1.00751.420125
1.011.420096
1.01251.420067
1.0151.420039
1.01751.42001
1.021.419982
1.02251.419955
1.0251.419927
1.02751.4199
1.031.419873
1.03251.419846
1.0351.41982
1.03751.419793
1.041.419767
1.04251.419741
1.0451.419716
1.04751.41969
1.051.419665
1.05251.41964
1.0551.419615
1.05751.41959
1.061.419566
1.06251.419542
1.0651.419518
1.06751.419494
1.071.41947
1.07251.419446
1.0751.419423
1.07751.4194
1.081.419377
1.08251.419354
1.0851.419332
1.08751.419309
1.091.419287
1.09251.419265
1.0951.419243
1.09751.419222
1.11.4192
1.10251.419179
1.1051.419158
1.10751.419137
1.111.419116
1.11251.419095
1.1151.419075
1.11751.419054
1.121.419034
1.12251.419014
1.1251.418994
1.12751.418974
1.131.418955
1.13251.418935
1.1351.418916
1.13751.418897
1.141.418878
1.14251.418859
1.1451.41884
1.14751.418821
1.151.418803
1.15251.418785
1.1551.418766
1.15751.418748
1.161.41873
1.16251.418713
1.1651.418695
1.16751.418677
1.171.41866
1.17251.418643
1.1751.418625
1.17751.418608
1.181.418591
1.18251.418575
1.1851.418558
1.18751.418541
1.191.418525
1.19251.418509
1.1951.418492
1.19751.418476
1.21.41846
1.20251.418445
1.2051.418429
1.20751.418413
1.211.418398
1.21251.418382
1.2151.418367
1.21751.418352
1.221.418336
1.22251.418321
1.2251.418306
1.22751.418292
1.231.418277
1.23251.418262
1.2351.418248
1.23751.418233
1.241.418219
1.24251.418205
1.2451.418191
1.24751.418177
1.251.418163
1.25251.418149
1.2551.418135
1.25751.418122
1.261.418108
1.26251.418095
1.2651.418081
1.26751.418068
1.271.418055
1.27251.418042
1.2751.418028
1.27751.418016
1.281.418003
1.28251.41799
1.2851.417977
1.28751.417965
1.291.417952
1.29251.41794
1.2951.417927
1.29751.417915
1.31.417903
1.30251.417891
1.3051.417879
1.30751.417866
1.311.417855
1.31251.417843
1.3151.417831
1.31751.417819
1.321.417808
1.32251.417796
1.3251.417785
1.32751.417773
1.331.417762
1.33251.417751
1.3351.41774
1.33751.417728
1.341.417717
1.34251.417706
1.3451.417696
1.34751.417685
1.351.417674
1.35251.417663
1.3551.417652
1.35751.417642
1.361.417631
1.36251.417621
1.3651.417611
1.36751.4176
1.371.41759
1.37251.41758
1.3751.41757
1.37751.41756
1.381.41755
1.38251.41754
1.3851.41753
1.38751.41752
1.391.41751
1.39251.4175
1.3951.417491
1.39751.417481
1.41.417472
1.40251.417462
1.4051.417453
1.40751.417443
1.411.417434
1.41251.417425
1.4151.417415
1.41751.417406
1.421.417397
1.42251.417388
1.4251.417379
1.42751.41737
1.431.417361
1.43251.417352
1.4351.417343
1.43751.417335
1.441.417326
1.44251.417317
1.4451.417309
1.44751.4173
1.451.417292
1.45251.417283
1.4551.417275
1.45751.417266
1.461.417258
1.46251.41725
1.4651.417242
1.46751.417233
1.471.417225
1.47251.417217
1.4751.417209
1.47751.417201
1.481.417193
1.48251.417185
1.4851.417177
1.48751.417169
1.491.417162
1.49251.417154
1.4951.417146
1.49751.417139
1.51.417131
1.50251.417123
1.5051.417116
1.50751.417108
1.511.417101
1.51251.417094
1.5151.417086
1.51751.417079
1.521.417071
1.52251.417064
1.5251.417057
1.52751.41705
1.531.417043
1.53251.417036
1.5351.417029
1.53751.417022
1.541.417014
1.54251.417008
1.5451.417001
1.54751.416994
1.551.416987
1.55251.41698
1.5551.416973
1.55751.416967
1.561.41696
1.56251.416953
1.5651.416947
1.56751.41694
1.571.416933
1.57251.416927
1.5751.41692
1.57751.416914
1.581.416907
1.58251.416901
1.5851.416895
1.58751.416888
1.591.416882
1.59251.416876
1.5951.41687
1.59751.416863
1.61.416857
1.60251.416851
1.6051.416845
1.60751.416839
1.611.416833
1.61251.416827
1.6151.416821
1.61751.416815
1.621.416809
1.62251.416803
1.6251.416797
1.62751.416791
1.631.416785
1.63251.41678
1.6351.416774
1.63751.416768
1.641.416762
1.64251.416757
1.6451.416751
1.64751.416745
1.651.41674
1.65251.416734
1.6551.416729
1.65751.416723
1.661.416718
1.66251.416712
1.6651.416707
1.66751.416701
1.671.416696
1.67251.416691
1.6751.416685
1.67751.41668
1.681.416675
1.68251.416669
1.6851.416664
1.68751.416659
1.691.416654

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—