Optical constants

Refractive index of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes)

Weber et al. 2010: Graphene; n,k 0.21–1.0 µm

Data
tabulated nk
Range
0.2109–0.999 µm
Points
499
Licence
CC0-1.0

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.2109–0.999 µm
Refractive index n
2.69881
Extinction coefficient k
1.29547
Permittivity ε1
5.60534
Permittivity ε2
6.99249
Absorption coefficient α
277049 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
72.1893 nm
Abbe number Vd
—
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
0.564506 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
2.36711
Group velocity dispersion
— fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
— ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes): Weber et al. 2010: Graphene; n,k 0.21–1.0 µm
c = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "C", "Weber", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c.range_nm)  # (210.873, 999.007) nm
eps = c.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Graphene (mechanically exfoliated flake). Thickness: 3.4 Å. Substrate: silicon with 98-nm silicon oxide layer.

Conditions

substrate
Si
film thickness
1L

References

J. W. Weber, V. E. Calado, M. C. M. van de Sanden. Optical constants of graphene measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 091904 (2010) (Numerical data kindly provided by Jan-Willem Weber)
  • doi:10.1063/1.3475393 Optical constants of graphene measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry, Applied Physics Letters (2010)

Cite

J. W. Weber, V. E. Calado and M. C. M. van de Sanden. Optical constants of graphene measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Applied Physics Letters, 97, 091904 (2010), doi:10.1063/1.3475393; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

499 rows as published
C (Carbon, diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes), Weber et al. 2010: Graphene; n,k 0.21–1.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)nk
0.2108731.3752110.376681
0.2124611.2332850.414237
0.2140491.093820.48083
0.2156370.9675080.578555
0.2172250.8677520.701942
0.2188130.8020650.836639
0.2204010.7671370.968274
0.2219890.7544861.089294
0.2235770.7563321.197726
0.2251650.7670871.294131
0.2267540.7829271.379911
0.2283420.801161.456673
0.2299310.8197561.526077
0.2315190.8369911.589967
0.2331080.8517911.651104
0.2346960.8649041.711943
0.2362850.8775071.773811
0.2378740.8907631.837409
0.2394630.9057411.903026
0.2410520.9233821.970657
0.242640.9444922.0401
0.2442290.969742.111012
0.2458190.9996722.18296
0.2474081.0347332.25546
0.2489971.0752842.32799
0.2505861.1216322.400004
0.2521751.1740592.470928
0.2537651.2328522.540127
0.2553541.2983722.606847
0.2569431.3710782.669825
0.2585331.4504052.727209
0.2601221.5350762.777994
0.2617121.6239042.821718
0.2633021.715862.858195
0.2648911.8100472.887396
0.2664811.9056872.909387
0.2680712.00212.924291
0.2696612.0986842.932262
0.2712512.1949012.933475
0.2728412.2902632.92811
0.274432.3843152.916352
0.2760212.4766342.898383
0.2776112.5668012.874388
0.2792012.6544092.844546
0.2807912.739042.809038
0.2823812.820252.76805
0.2839712.8975442.721785
0.2855622.9703292.670491
0.2871523.0378022.61461
0.2887423.0993672.555192
0.2903333.1550352.493192
0.2919233.2049482.429317
0.2935143.2492832.36414
0.2951043.2882372.298137
0.2966953.3220082.231713
0.2982853.3507932.165228
0.2998763.3747872.098996
0.3014673.3941792.033306
0.3030583.4091571.968416
0.3046483.4199051.90457
0.3062393.4266041.841991
0.307833.4294351.780892
0.3094213.428581.721478
0.3110123.424221.663942
0.3126033.4165451.608474
0.3141943.4057481.555261
0.3157853.3920351.504485
0.3173763.3756231.456324
0.3189673.3567481.410955
0.3205583.3356721.36855
0.3221493.3126931.329278
0.323743.2881581.293294
0.3253323.2625181.260723
0.3269233.2363211.23147
0.3285143.2099161.205269
0.3301053.183531.181897
0.3316973.1573391.161154
0.3332883.1314871.142859
0.3348793.1060971.126846
0.3364713.0812721.112956
0.3380623.0571031.101043
0.3396543.0336651.090962
0.3412453.0110241.082577
0.3428372.9892351.075756
0.3444282.9683441.070372
0.346022.948391.0663
0.3476112.9293991.063422
0.3492032.9113961.061621
0.3507952.8943941.060785
0.3523862.87841.060806
0.3539782.8634151.061579
0.355572.8494321.063004
0.3571612.8364411.064984
0.3587532.8244241.067427
0.3603452.8133561.070246
0.3619372.8032111.073357
0.3635282.7939551.076682
0.365122.785551.080148
0.3667122.7779541.083684
0.3683042.7711211.087228
0.3698962.7649991.090721
0.3714872.7595341.094109
0.3730792.7546631.097346
0.3746712.7503191.100389
0.3762632.746421.103208
0.3778552.7428791.10581
0.3794472.7396411.108219
0.3810392.7366681.110455
0.3826312.7339271.112533
0.3842232.7313931.114467
0.3858152.7290431.116271
0.3874072.7268591.117956
0.3889992.7248231.119531
0.3905912.7229211.121007
0.3921832.721141.122391
0.3937752.7194691.123693
0.3953672.7178961.124918
0.3969592.7164141.126074
0.3985512.7150131.127167
0.4001432.7136861.128203
0.4017352.7124281.129187
0.4033272.7112311.130125
0.4049192.710091.131021
0.4065112.7090011.13188
0.4081032.7079591.132705
0.4096952.706961.133501
0.4112872.7060011.134272
0.4128792.7050781.13502
0.4144712.7041891.135749
0.4160632.703331.136462
0.4176552.7024991.137161
0.4192472.7016951.13785
0.4208392.7009151.138531
0.4224312.7001571.139206
0.4240232.699421.139877
0.4256152.6987031.140547
0.4272072.6980041.141217
0.4287992.6973211.141889
0.4303922.6966551.142564
0.4319842.6960041.143246
0.4335762.6953671.143934
0.4351682.6947441.14463
0.436762.6941341.145336
0.4383522.6935361.146052
0.4399442.692951.14678
0.4415352.6923761.147522
0.4431272.6918131.148277
0.4447192.6912621.149047
0.4463112.690721.149833
0.4479032.690191.150635
0.4494952.689671.151454
0.4510872.6891611.152291
0.4526792.6886621.153146
0.4542712.6881731.154019
0.4558632.6876941.154912
0.4574552.6872261.155825
0.4590462.6867671.156758
0.4606382.6863191.157711
0.462232.6858821.158685
0.4638222.6854551.159681
0.4654142.6850381.160697
0.4670052.6846321.161736
0.4685972.6842371.162796
0.4701892.6838521.163878
0.4717812.6834791.164983
0.4733722.6831161.166109
0.4749642.6827651.167259
0.4765562.6824251.16843
0.4781472.6820981.169624
0.4797392.6817821.170841
0.481332.6814781.172081
0.4829222.6811851.173343
0.4845132.6809061.174627
0.4861052.6806391.175935
0.4876962.6803851.177264
0.4892882.6801441.178616
0.4908792.6799171.179991
0.4924712.6797021.181388
0.4940622.6795021.182807
0.4956542.6793151.184248
0.4972452.6791421.18571
0.4988362.6789841.187195
0.5004272.678841.188701
0.5020192.6787111.190229
0.503612.6785961.191777
0.5052012.6784981.193347
0.5067922.6784141.194938
0.5083832.6783461.196549
0.5099742.6782931.198181
0.5115662.6782571.199833
0.5131572.6782371.201505
0.5147482.6782331.203196
0.5163392.6782461.204907
0.5179292.6782761.206637
0.519522.6783231.208386
0.5211112.6783861.210154
0.5227022.6784681.211941
0.5242932.6785671.213745
0.5258832.6786841.215567
0.5274742.6788191.217407
0.5290652.6789721.219264
0.5306562.6791441.221138
0.5322462.6793351.223028
0.5338372.6795451.224935
0.5354272.6797731.226858
0.5370182.6800221.228796
0.5386082.680291.23075
0.5401982.6805771.232719
0.5417892.6808851.234702
0.5433792.6812141.2367
0.5449692.6815631.238711
0.546562.6819341.240736
0.548152.6823261.242773
0.549742.6827411.244822
0.551332.6831771.246882
0.552922.6836361.248952
0.554512.6841171.251031
0.55612.6846191.253119
0.557692.6851441.255216
0.559282.685691.257319
0.5608692.6862581.25943
0.5624592.6868471.261546
0.5640492.6874571.263669
0.5656392.6880881.265796
0.5672282.6887391.267928
0.5688182.6894111.270064
0.5704072.6901041.272204
0.5719972.6908161.274348
0.5735862.6915481.276493
0.5751752.6922991.278642
0.5767652.693071.280792
0.5783542.6938591.282943
0.5799432.6946671.285096
0.5815322.6954931.28725
0.5831212.6963371.289404
0.584712.69721.291558
0.5862992.6980791.293712
0.5878882.6989761.295865
0.5894772.6998891.298017
0.5910662.7008191.300169
0.5926542.7017651.302318
0.5942432.7027271.304466
0.5958312.7037051.306612
0.597422.7046981.308756
0.5990082.7057071.310897
0.6005972.706731.313036
0.6021852.7077671.315171
0.6037732.7088191.317304
0.6053622.7098851.319433
0.606952.7109641.321558
0.6085382.7120561.32368
0.6101262.7131621.325798
0.6117142.714281.327912
0.6133022.715411.330021
0.614892.7165531.332126
0.6164772.7177081.334227
0.6180652.7188741.336322
0.6196532.7200511.338413
0.621242.721241.340499
0.6228282.7224391.34258
0.6244152.7236481.344655
0.6260022.7248681.346726
0.627592.7260971.34879
0.6291772.7273361.35085
0.6307642.7285851.352903
0.6323512.7298421.354951
0.6339382.7311081.356993
0.6355252.7323831.359029
0.6371122.7336661.36106
0.6386982.7349571.363084
0.6402852.7362551.365102
0.6418722.7375611.367114
0.6434582.7388741.369119
0.6450452.7401951.371119
0.6466312.7415211.373112
0.6482172.7428541.375099
0.6498042.7441941.377079
0.651392.7455391.379054
0.6529762.746891.381021
0.6545622.7482461.382982
0.6561482.7496071.384937
0.6577332.7509731.386886
0.6593192.7523441.388827
0.6609052.7537191.390763
0.662492.7550991.392691
0.6640762.7564821.394614
0.6656612.7578691.39653
0.6672462.7592591.398439
0.6688322.7606521.400342
0.6704172.7620491.402238
0.6720022.7634481.404128
0.6735872.7648491.406011
0.6751722.7662521.407888
0.6767562.7676581.409759
0.6783412.7690651.411624
0.6799262.7704731.413482
0.681512.7718831.415334
0.6830952.7732931.417179
0.6846792.7747051.419019
0.6862632.7761161.420852
0.6878482.7775281.422679
0.6894322.7789391.424501
0.6910162.780351.426316
0.6925992.7817611.428126
0.6941832.783171.42993
0.6957672.7845791.431728
0.697352.7859851.433521
0.6989342.787391.435308
0.7005172.7887921.43709
0.7021012.7901921.438867
0.7036842.7915891.440638
0.7052672.7929831.442405
0.706852.7943721.444167
0.7084332.7957571.445925
0.7100162.7971371.44768
0.7115992.7985131.449432
0.7131812.7998831.451182
0.7147642.8012491.452929
0.7163462.8026091.454676
0.7179282.8039641.456421
0.7195112.8053151.458166
0.7210932.806661.45991
0.7226752.8080011.461655
0.7242572.8093371.4634
0.7258392.8106681.465146
0.727422.8119951.466893
0.7290022.8133171.468642
0.7305832.8146351.470392
0.7321652.8159491.472144
0.7337462.8172591.473899
0.7353272.8185651.475656
0.7369082.8198671.477415
0.7384892.8211661.479178
0.740072.8224611.480944
0.7416512.8237541.482713
0.7432312.8250421.484485
0.7448122.8263291.486261
0.7463922.8276121.488041
0.7479722.8288931.489825
0.7495532.8301711.491613
0.7511332.8314471.493405
0.7527132.8327211.495202
0.7542922.8339931.497003
0.7558722.8352631.498808
0.7574522.8365321.500619
0.7590312.83781.502434
0.7606112.8390661.504254
0.762192.8403311.506079
0.7637692.8415951.507909
0.7653482.8428581.509745
0.7669272.8441211.511585
0.7685062.8453831.513431
0.7700842.8466461.515282
0.7716632.8479081.517139
0.7732412.849171.519001
0.774822.8504321.520868
0.7763982.8516951.522741
0.7779762.8529581.52462
0.7795542.8542231.526504
0.7811322.8554881.528393
0.7827092.8567541.530289
0.7842872.8580211.532189
0.7858642.8592891.534096
0.7874422.8605591.536008
0.7890192.8618311.537926
0.7905962.8631051.539849
0.7921732.864381.541778
0.793752.8656581.543713
0.7953262.8669371.545653
0.7969032.8682191.547599
0.7984792.8695041.549551
0.8000562.8707911.551508
0.8016322.8720811.55347
0.8032082.8733741.555438
0.8047842.874671.557412
0.806362.8759691.559391
0.8079352.8772711.561375
0.8095112.8785771.563365
0.8110862.8798861.565361
0.8126612.8811991.567361
0.8142362.8825151.569367
0.8158112.8838361.571378
0.8173862.885161.573394
0.8189612.8864891.575416
0.8205362.8878211.577442
0.822112.8891581.579474
0.8236842.89051.58151
0.8252582.8918461.583552
0.8268322.8931971.585598
0.8284062.8945521.587649
0.829982.8959121.589705
0.8315542.8972781.591766
0.8331272.8986481.593832
0.83472.9000231.595901
0.8362742.9014041.597976
0.8378472.902791.600055
0.8394192.9041811.602138
0.8409922.9055781.604226
0.8425652.906981.606318
0.8441372.9083881.608414
0.845712.9098021.610515
0.8472822.9112221.612619
0.8488542.9126471.614727
0.8504262.9140781.616839
0.8519972.9155161.618956
0.8535692.916961.621076
0.855142.9184091.623199
0.8567122.9198661.625327
0.8582832.9213281.627457
0.8598542.9227971.629591
0.8614252.9242721.631729
0.8629952.9257541.63387
0.8645662.9272431.636015
0.8661362.9287381.638162
0.8677062.9302391.640313
0.8692762.9317481.642466
0.8708462.9332641.644623
0.8724162.9347861.646782
0.8739862.9363151.648944
0.8755552.9378521.651109
0.8771252.9393951.653277
0.8786942.9409461.655447
0.8802632.9425031.65762
0.8818322.9440681.659795
0.88342.9456411.661972
0.8849692.947221.664151
0.8865372.9488071.666333
0.8881052.9504011.668517
0.8896732.9520031.670702
0.8912412.9536121.67289
0.8928092.9552281.67508
0.8943762.9568521.677271
0.8959442.9584841.679464
0.8975112.9601241.681659
0.8990782.9617711.683855
0.9006452.9634251.686052
0.9022122.9650881.688251
0.9037782.9667581.690451
0.9053452.9684361.692652
0.9069112.9701221.694855
0.9084772.9718161.697058
0.9100432.9735171.699263
0.9116092.9752271.701468
0.9131742.9769441.703674
0.914742.978671.705881
0.9163052.9804031.708089
0.917872.9821451.710297
0.9194352.9838941.712505
0.9212.9856521.714715
0.9225642.9874171.716924
0.9241292.9891911.719133
0.9256932.9909731.721343
0.9272572.9927631.723553
0.9288212.9945611.725763
0.9303842.9963681.727973
0.9319482.9981831.730183
0.9335113.0000051.732392
0.9350743.0018371.734601
0.9366373.0036761.73681
0.93823.0055241.739018
0.9397633.007381.741227
0.9413253.0092441.743434
0.9428883.0111171.74564
0.944453.0129981.747846
0.9460123.0148881.750051
0.9475733.0167861.752256
0.9491353.0186921.754459
0.9506963.0206071.756661
0.9522583.022531.758862
0.9538193.0244611.761062
0.9553793.0264021.763261
0.956943.028351.765458
0.9585013.0303071.767654
0.9600613.0322731.769848
0.9616213.0342471.772041
0.9631813.0362291.774232
0.9647413.038221.776422
0.96633.040221.77861
0.9678593.0422281.780795
0.9694193.0442451.782979
0.9709783.0462711.785161
0.9725363.0483051.787341
0.9740953.0503481.789519
0.9756543.05241.791694
0.9772123.054461.793867
0.978773.0565291.796038
0.9803283.0586071.798206
0.9818853.0606941.800372
0.9834433.0627891.802535
0.9853.0648931.804695
0.9865573.0670061.806853
0.9881143.0691281.809008
0.9896713.0712591.811159
0.9912273.0733991.813308
0.9927843.0755481.815454
0.994343.0777061.817596
0.9958963.0798731.819735
0.9974513.082051.821871
0.9990073.0842351.824003

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
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Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
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Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—